Bef. 1028,
Floris born in Holland, s/o §§Count
Dirk III of Holland & Countess Othelindis von Haldensleben, d/o Margraf
Bernhard I der Nordmark.
7/20/1031, Henry I became King of France on the
death of his father.
~1035,
Robert ‘the Frisian’ born in Flanders, s/o 756441098. Baldwin V of Flanders
& 756441099. Adela Capet.
5/27/1039,
Floris’ father died; his brother succeeding as Dirk IV, count of Holland.
Floris’ mother returned to Saxony.
1039,
Baldwin, Countess Adela [‘of royal descent’], their sons Baldwin and Robert,
and Eustace I of Boulogne all witnessed the charter founding the abbey of
Phalempin [north of Lens.] (S) Families, Friends and Allies, Tanner, 2004, P83.
~1035,
Gertrude born in Saxony, d/o §§Duke Bernard
II of Saxony & Duchess Elilka of Schweinfurt.
3/31/1044,
Floris’ mother died.
1/13/1049,
Floris I succeeded as count of Holland when his brother Dirk was killed at the
battle of Dordrecht.
[–––Floris & Gertrude–––]
~1052,
Floris married Gertrude.
~1053,
Robert stood as the godfather of Baldwin I, count of Guines. (S) Anglo-Norman
Studies, 1998, P157.
1054,
William, bishop of Utrecht, began a war with Floris to recover lost lands.
1058,
William, bishop of Utrecht, invaded Holland again. Facing a larger force,
Floris had prepared defenses which threw the attackers into confusion allowing
an easy victory. Floris captured the govenor of Gelderland, the count of
Louvain, and the bishop of Liege. (S) France – Netherlands, Williams, 1907,
P288.
6/29/1059,
Gertrude’s father died, her mother surviving.
8/4/1060, Philip I succeeded as King of France.
6/28/1061,
Floris I, count of Holland and Friesland ambushed and killed [while sleeping
under a tree] at the battle of Nederhemert in the Netherlands; buried at
Egmond. Floris’ son Dirk V succeeded as count of Holland.
[–––Robert & Gertrude–––]
1062, Robert
married Gertrude.
1062, Robert
named as regent of the county of Holland for his stepson.
1063,
‘Rodbertus, Baldwini potentissimi iunior filius, Frisiam subintrat.’
1063, Robert
‘the Frisian’ regent for his step-son Dirk V of Holland.
5/1064,
William, bishop of Utrecht, granted a large part of Dirk’s lands by the Emperor
of Germany.
1064, Robert,
acting as guardian of his stepson and trying to recover the lands, defeated in
battle and forced to take refuge in Ghent.
3/20/1066, Haley’s comet appeard in the sky at its
closest point to earth, and was interpreted as an evil omen.
5/1066, King Philip reached his majority and took over rule of France.
10/14/1066, William the Conqueror [married to Robert’s older sister
Matilda] defeated and killed King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, becoming William I, King of England.
9/1/1067,
Robert’s father died; his older brother Baldwin VI succeeding as Count of
Flanders.
7/16/1070,
Robert repulsed an invasion of Holland by his brother Baldwin VI. Baldwin VI
was killed in the battle. (S) French Under the Merovingians, Sismondi, 1850,
P129. [Robert’s godson, Count Baldwin of Guines, fought with him at the
battle.]
1070, Robert
contested the succession of Baldwin’s son Arnulf. Countess Richilda and her son
Arnulf sought refuge with King Phillip of France.
1070-71,
William fitz Osbern dispatched by William I, King of England to act as guardian of Baldwin’s son Arnulf.
2/22/1071,
Robert’s forces captured Richilde, mother of his nephew Arnulf, at the battle
of Cassel; but Robert was also captured [by Eustace II of Boulogne]. Each was
exchanged for the other; and the battle continued. Both claimants to Flanders,
Arnulf and William fitz Osbern his step-father, were then killed in the battle.
1071, Robert
I succeeded as Count of Flanders on the death of his nephew Arnulf. [Robert was
recognised as count by Philippe I, King of France, after Robert transferred
Corbie to him, the arrangement being confirmed by the king's marriage to Count
Robert’s stepdaughter Bertha of Holland.]
1072, As
part of the peace agreement between King Philip and Robert the Frisian,
Robert married his stepdaughter Bertha to the king. (S) Medieval France,
Kibler, 2013, P221.
1072, At the
instance of his mother Adela, Count Robert founded the priory of Watten near
St. Omer. (S) History of Sacerdotal Celibacy, V1, Lea, 1907, P313.
1072, Robert
le Frison added to the fortifications of the castle of Bailleul. (S) Bailleuls
of Flanders, Bayley, 1881, P6.
4/22/1073, Pope Gregory VII succeeded Pope
Alexander II. [Pope Gregory was against ‘simony’, the practice of purchasing
spiritual offices, which was most prevalent in Germany at the time.]
1074, Robert
defended Holland against Godfrey-le-Bossu, duke of Lorraine [who had invaded at
the instance of Countess Richilda.]
1075,
William, bishop of Utrecht, and his ally Gottfried, duke of Lorraine, both
died; William succeeded by Conrad.
1075, Count
Robert harboured a Danish expedition fleet of 200 ships opposing a fleet of
King William of England, which was sent in support of Conrad, Bishop of
Utrecht.
1076, Count
Robert and his stepson Dirk V defeated the forces of the Bishop of Utrecht and
was restored all of Dirk’s lost lands.
1076, Adela
and her son Count Robert applied to Pope Gregory VII to clarify what they
should do to those who did not comply with his reforms. (S) History of
Sacerdotal Celibacy, V1, Lea, 1907, P312.
1077, Robert
Curthose [nephew of Count Robert], in rebellion against his father William I of
England, took refuge at Count Robert’s court. (S) The Normans, Crouch, 2006,
P114.
1078, Robert
supported Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy, against the duke’s brother,
William [the Conqueror] King of England, married to his sister Matilda.
1078, Count
Robert provided protection for monks in electing a successor at
Bergues-Saint-Winoc who was opposed by Bishop Hubert.
11/1078,
Papal legate Hubert and Bishop Hugh of Langres excommunicated Count Robert.
[For this activity they were rebuked by Pope Gregory.]
1/8/1079,
Robert’s mother died.
1080, Count
Robert issued a charter confirming the possessions of the abbey of Messines;
witnessed by Eustace II of Boulogne.
1081, Count
Robert appointed his candidate [Lambert] to the see of Therouanne. (S) Battle
Conference, 1991, P275. This put Count Robert in [sometimes violent] conflict
with Eustace II of Boulogne.
1082, Pope
Gregory VII wrote a letter to Count Robert of Flanders [addressed as ‘our
beloved son’], and the clergy and people of Flanders [Robert addressed as ‘the
most noble count’].
1082, Count
Robert was in a disagreement with papal legate Hugh of Lyons over the
appointment of Bishop Lambert to the see of Therouanne.
10/1082,
Hugh of Lyons and Amatus of Oloron excommunicated Count Robert for his offences
[which included imprisoning 5 clerks attempting to appeal to Rome.]
1083, Pope
Gregory VII wrote letters to Count Robert of Flanders, Archbishop Hugh of
Lyons, and to all the bishops and principes of Flanders. [Gregory told the
bishops to urge Count Robert ‘to penance and restitution within forty days.’]
1083-4,
Robert, successful in growing Flander’s economic status, proclaimed a special
peace associated with the county’s fairs. (S) France in the Making, Dunbabin,
2000, P212.
1084 at
Gistel, The Canonization of Godelieve of Gistel performed by Radbod, bishop of
Noyon and Tournai, in the presence of Gertrude of Saxony, wife of Count Robert.
(S) Anglo-Norman Studies, 1998, P157.
5/25/1085, Pope Victor III succeeded Pope Gregory VII.
1085-6, Robert and his son-in-law Canute IV of Denmark [married to
Adela] planned a naval attack on England. Robert promised 600 ships. (S)
Flanders and the Anglo-Norman World, Oksanen, 2012, P18.
7/10/1086, King Canute murdered, ending the planned invasion.
1086, Robert made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem; leaving his son Robert as
regent. [The 1st Crusade would not take place for 10 years.]
1090-92, Robert, returning from Jerusalem, entered the service of
Emperor Alexios. (S) Medieval Expansion of Europe, Phillips, 1998, P32.
10/13/1093, Robert died.
[––Gertrude––].
8/4/1113,
Gertrud died; buried at Veurne, Flanders.
(S) Foundation
for Medieval Genealogy. (S) Pope Gregory VII, Cowdrey, 1998, P346.
Family notes:
Robert first organized the ‘peers of Flanders’ –
vassal counts with responsibility for the defence of the the county’s
frontiers; and had a full court with a butler, constable, sensechal and
chamberlains. (S) France in the Making, Dunbabin, 2000, P212.
Child
of Floris and Gertrude:
i. Bertha of Holland (756441481), born ~1055 in
Holland.
1072, Bertha
married King Philip I of France. Child: King
Louis VI of France.
Children
of Robert and Gertrude:
i. Robert II of Flanders, born ~1063 in Flanders.
1089, Count
Robert II of Flanders appointed the provost of Saint Donatian as Chancellor of
Flanders.
1096, Robert
married to 3894121520. Clementia of Burgundy.
1096, Robert
joined the 1st crusade.
9/1099,
Robert returned to Flanders.
1102,
Godfrey opposed the invasion of Robert II of Flanders into Cambraisis.
1103, Robert
and Clementia founded Bourbourg abbey.
1103, Robert
summoned by Pope Paschal to attack the cities of Liege and Cambrai.
1103, Robert
a signatory of the Treaty of Dover with King Henry I of England.
1106, Count
Robert supported the conquest of Normandy by King Henry I.
5/17/1110,
‘Rann. Meschin’ a part to a Convention made at Doura between King Henry and
Robert, count of Flanders.
1111, Robert
received his nephew, Charles the Good at court.
10/5/1111,
Robert died; his son Baldwin succeeding; Clementia regent for her son.
1119,
Baldwin died without heirs [starting a war of succession between nephews
William of Ypres and Charles the Good, and William Clito, s/o Robert, Duke of
Normandy.]
ii. Adela of Flanders, born 1065 in Flanders.
1080, Adela
married Knud II, King of Denmark.
7/10/1086,
Knud murdered.
1090, Adela
married 2nd Roger, duke of Apulia.
2/22/1111,
Roger died.
1111-14,
Adela regent for her son William, duke of Apulia.
4/15/1115,
Adela died.
Child: Charles the Good [aka Carl of Denmark].
1119, Charles a contender for the title Count of Flanders. 3/2/1127, Charles,
count of Flanders, murdered.[Starting another war of succession. 1128, After
the death of William Clito, Thierry of Alsace would defeat William of Ypres to
gain the title.]
iii. Philip of Loo, born ~1068 in Flanders.
1093, ‘Philippus
filius Roberti marchionis cognomento Frisonis’ transferred rights to the abbey
of Saint-Pierre de Loo, naming ‘fratris mei Roberti comiti Flandrie.’
Bef. 1127,
Philip died; buried at Bergis.
Child: William of Ypres. 1119, William a
contender for the title Count of Flanders. 1165, William died.
iv. Gertrude de Flandre (378220821), born ~1072 in
Flanders.
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