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Sunday, August 9, 2020

Earl Thomas de Holland & Countess Joan of Kent & The Black Prince

 1477428. Earl Thomas de Holland & 1477429. Countess Joan of Kent & The Black Prince

1315, Thomas born in England, s/o 30422042. Lord Robert de Holand & 30422043. Maud la Zouche.

11/15/1321, Licence for Robert de Holand and Matilda his wife to assigne the manor of Brackele and Halse, co. Northampton, … successive remainders Robert son of the said Robert de Holand … Thomas his brother, Alan brother of Thomas, … (S) CPRs.

2/1/1327, Edward III, age 14, crowned king of England. [Edward would rule for 50 years.]

9/29/1328, Joan born in Kent, England, d/o 2954858. Edmund of Woodstock & 2954859. Margaret Wake.

10/7/1328, Thomas’ father killed; his older brother Robert the heir.

3/14/1330, Joan’s father executed for treason by Roger de Mortimer, lover of Queen Isabella.

[––– Joan–––]

4/7/1330, 2-year-old Joan godmother to her brother John, born after his father’s death.

5/1/1330 at Bois-de-Vicennes, negotiations by representatives of the King’s of France and England were conducted.

10/1330, Joan put under the care of Queen Philippa. [According to Froissart, she grew up to be “In her day, the most beautiful in all the kingdom of England, and the most amorous”.]

8/12/1332, Grant to Margaret, late the wife of Edmund, earl of Kent … lands of the inheritance of John brother and heir of Edmund son and heir … during minority of the said John, and of Joan, his sister, … (S) CPRs.

[––– Prince Edward–––]

6/15/1330, Prince Edward born at Woodstock castle, Oxfordshire.

3/18/1333, King Edward made his eldest son, Edward of Wodestok [the future Black Prince], earl of Chester.

3/16/1337, King Edward made his eldest son, Edward of Wodestok, duke of Cornwall, and gave him a full suit of armor. [The king’s younger brother, John of Etham, Earl of Cornwall, had died.]

[––Thomas––]

9/14/1330 at Valenciennes, France, Thomas de Holand witnessed a quitclaim of Walter de Mauny, knight, to John de Molyns which was also witnessed by the earls of Northampton and Salisbury.

11/1337, King Edward, claiming the throne of France through his mother, began the 100 Years War with the battle of Cadzand, a Flemish island.

5/1337, King Philip VI of France confiscated the duchy of Aquitaine from England.

11/1337, Thomas served under Robert d’Artois, Lord of Conches-en-Ouche of Domfront, on an expedition to Brittany. [Robert, an exile from France, and a cousin of King Edward’s wife, lobbied for the King to push his claim to the French crown.]

2/20/1338, Grant, for good service in Scotland and elsewhere, to Thomas de Holand, … (S) CPRs.

[––– Thomas & Joan –––]

5/1340, In a clandestine [without royal approval] ceremony, Joan, age 12, 1st married to Thomas, age 25. [Thomas later also claimed that the marriage was consummated.]

6/24/1340, Thomas bought in the battle of Sluys in France. The French navy guarded an inlet used as an approach to the continent. In a 9-hour battle the English attacked 166 French ships at their moorings. Most of the French fleet and some Genoese ships were destroyed.

7-8/1340, Thomas at the siege of Tournai. The siege was unsuccessful against the stone walls and they soon returned to England.

1/1341, Joan, in Thomas’ absence, coerced by her family into marrying William de Montague [3 months older than Joan], s/o Earl William de Montague (30422278), 1st Earl of Salisbury.

[––– William & Joan –––]

3/10/1341, Grant by Earl William de Montague to his son William and his wife Joan, witnessed by Edward de Montague, and the earls of Arundel, Devon and Huntingdon, and Thomas Wake. (S) Estates of the Higher Nobility, Holmes, 1957, P28.

1341, Thomas returned from France. William de Montague refused to accept the validity of the prior marriage.

10/1342, Thomas served under Robert d’Artois on an expedition to Brittany, in support of the Countess of Montfort, during the War of Breton Succession. [Robert d’Artois died while retreating from an attack on the city of Vannes.]

5/2/1343, Thomas de Holand, knight, going beyond the seas, has letters nominating John de Holand, parson … (S) CPRs.

1343, Thomas a commander at the siege of Nantes under the Earl of Buckingham, and the assault on Vannes, France. [Thomas already had considerable military experience in France, and Vannes specifically.]

1/30/1344, Joan’s husband William becamed Earl William on the death of his father and Joan became a countess.

4/1/1346, Quitclaim, John de Warenne earl of Surrey to King Edward III. [numerous castles …] Witnesses: Bartholomew de Burgherssh, …, John de Montgomery, Thomas de Holand, Roger de Beauchamp, Edmund Trussel, … (S) UKNA.

6/28/1346, Licence for Maud late the wife of Robert de Holand to enfeoff her son, Thomas de Holand, of the manors of Hals, Brackeleye and Kyngsutton, co. Northampton, said to be held in chief. (S) CPRs.

7/12/1346, Thomas, with King Edward, landed in an invasion force of 10,000 in Normandy, which marched north plundering the countryside. King Philip VI, with 8,000 horsemen and 4,000 Genoese crossbowmen pursued.

7/26/1346 at Caen, capital of Normandy, Thomas captured Raoul, Count of Eu, Constable of France; and Jean de Tancarville, Grand Chamberlain of France. [Thomas sold Raoul’s ransom to the king for £12,000.]

8/7/1346, Thomas with only 2 other knights rode to Rouen where they killed several French soldiers and displayed the English banner. [This was to misdirect the French as to the army’s movements.]

8/26/1346, Thomas a chief officer of the Black Prince at the Battle of Crecy, who commanded the vanguard. Edward III vs. Philip VI, heralded the rise of the longbow as the dominant weapon, and also saw the use of the ribauldequin, an early cannon, by the English. The English longbowmen could fire much more quickly than the Genoese, with a killing range of 250 yards.

9/1346, Thomas at the siege of Calais. The English began the year-long siege of the port. [Ended 8/1347, held by the English until 1558.]

6/16/1347, Gift to Thomas de Holand, in consideration of his having surrendered to the king the count of Eu, constable of France, his enemy, whom the said Thomas had lately taken as a prisoner of war, 80,000 florins with the shield, to be received within the next 3 years, … (S) CPRs.

10/1347, A petition was submitted by Thomas to annul the marriage of Joan and William and restore her marriage to Thomas. [William’s family supported by Joan’s mother made and appeal to the Pope. There were considerable issues with Thomas’ claim including the fact that Joan was in the protection of the Montague family at the time of the marriage, and the issue of why he had waited so long to make his claim, during which time he went to work for the Montague family. More likely they fell in love after Thomas went to work for the Earl.]

10/1347, William de Monte Acuto, and Joan his wife to John de Wynggefeld, … Castle and honour of Hawarden, manors of Mold, Moldsdale, … (S) UKNA. [William confined Joan to Mold castle.]

5/1348, Pope Clement ordered Joan released so that she could testify before the Archbishop of Canterbury.

7-8/1348, The Black Death entered the west countryside of England.

12/1348, Countess Joan invited to spend Christmas with the king, and the Black Prince gave his cousin “Jeanette” [his nickname for Joan] a silver beaker.

4/23/1349, King Edward held a tournament at Windsor to celebrate the founding of the Knights of the Garter. They divided into two groups, one led by Thomas Holland, the other by William Montague; both of whom believed they were the husband of Joan of Kent at the time, who was present at the tournament.

4/23/1349 at Windsor castle, Thomas 1 of 25 founding members of the Knights of the Garter, as was Earl William and the Black Prince. In the jousting tournament following Thomas and William’s groups opposed each other.

5/31/1349, Thomas’ mother died; his older brother Robert her heir.

6/1349, The Plague reached Dorset, and had spread across England by the end of 1349.

9/29/1349, Joan’s mother died.

[––– Thomas & Joan –––]

10/21/1349, Notarial instrument of divorce of Joan, daughter of Edmund, late Earl of Kent, from William de Monte Acuto, Earl of Salisbury, by reason of her having been previously married to Thomas de Holland, still living. (S) UKNA. [Made by Cardinal d’Albi. Joan was released from the home of William de Montague.]

11/13/1349, A required public marriage of Thomas and Joan.

8/29/1350, Thomas and Prince Edward were both ship commanders at the sea battle of Wichelsea.

2/8/1352, Thomas de Holand, ‘chivaler,’ going beyond the seas, … (S) CPRs.

2/1352 at the castle of Thorp Waterville, Joan de Holand, Countess of Kent, gave to her son John de Holand and his heirs the manor of Great Gadesdene, Hertford. (S) Hist. of Herfordshire, V3, Cussans, P119.

12/27/1352, Joan age 24, heir to her brother John, Earl of Kent, by which she became Countess of Kent, Baroness Wake, and Lady Woodstock.

8/24/1352, Grant to Thomas de Holand and Joan his wife, the king’s kinswoman, of 100 marks … yearly for the life of Joan … (S) CPRs.

2/1253, IPM of John, Earl of Kent. Worcester. … Joan his sister, whom Thomas de Holond, knight, married, aged 24 years and more, is his heir. (S) IsPM, EIII, Files 118-119.

1353, Thomas, Baron de Holland, summoned to parliament.

5/24/1353, Thomas de Holand and Joan his wife, sister and heir of John, late earl of Kent granted a market and fair at Buttercrambe, North Riding, Yorkshire. (S) Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs to 1516.

11/20/1353 at Nottingham, Debtor: William Deyncourt leigne, knight. Creditor: Thomas de Holland, knight. Amount: £1000. (S) UKNA.

3/11/1354, Petition of Thomas de Holand and Joan, his wife, the king’s kinswoman, patrons of the house of nuns of Wyrthorp … (S) CPRs.

3/18/1354, Thomas de Holand, going to Brittany [as captain of the duchy of Brittany] on the king’s service has letters nominating Roger de Mortuo Marie … (S) CPRs.

6/20/1355 at London, Indenture between Sir Thomas de Holand, knight, and Joan his wife of the one part, and Sir Thomas de la Dale, knight, … manor of Leyham … (S) CCRs, 7/10/1355.

7/1/1356, Licence, for 52 marks … by Otto de Holand, for Thomas de Holand and Joan, his wife to grant … manors of Chesterfeld and Assheford, co. Derby … (S) CPRs.

9/26/1356, Prince Edward, the Black Prince, captured King John II of France at the battle of Poitiers; as well as killing 2000 French knights.

1357, Thomas de Holand and Joan his wife to grant the manors of Chesterfield and Ashford, with the advowson of the hospital of St. Leonard, Chesterfield, to Otto de Holand for life. Derby. (S) UKNA.

5/4/1359, Acknowledgement of receipt from Thomas de Holand, Lord Wake (1st Baron Holland and in right of Joan Plantagenet, Baron Woodstock and Wake). (S) UKNA.

7/1/1359, The king lately took the homage and fealty of Thomas de Holand, who married Joan, sister and heir of John late earl of Kent, tenant in chief, for all the lands which the said earl held in chief … (S) CCRs.

10/28/1359, Thomas with the King and Black Prince sailed for France with an army.

1359, Thomas made ‘co-captain-general’ of all English possessions on the continent.

12/31/1359, IPM of Otto de Holand, knight. Suffolk: Kersye. The manor (extent given), including a market, held for life of Thomas de Holand, knight, and Joan his wife, … (S) UKNA.

4/3/1360, The English army made the first attacked on the suburbs of Paris.

4/10/1360, King Edward retreated from Paris after deciding a siege was not possible.

4/13/1360, Wintering at Chartres, King Edward’s army experienced a severe storm in which 6,000 horses died.

5/12/1360, Mandate to Thomas de Holand, captain and warden of the castle and town of St. Sauveur le Vicomte in Normandy, … (S) CPRs.

5/19/1360, King Edward and the Black Prince were back in London.

11/8/1360, Licence for Thomas de Holand, earl of Kent, and Joan his wife, to grant for life to John de Holand the manors of Northwelde, co. Essex … (S) CPRs.

11/20/1360, Thomas summoned to parliament as Earl of Kent.

12/26/1360, Thomas died in Normandy; buried in the church of Grey Friars, Stamford, Lincolnshire.

[––– Edward & Joan –––]

6/1361, Edward decided to marry Joan, but needed papal dispensation since Edward and Joan had a grandfather in common.

9/8/1361, The Archbishop of Canterbury informed the Black Prince by letter of the papal dispensation for Edward to marry Joan.

10/8/1361 at Windsor, In private and then public ceremonies, Joan married Edward of Woodstock, the Black Prince, 1st son and heir apparent of King Edward III.

12/1361, Edward and Joan, now Princess of Wales, was with the royal family at Berkhampstead, Herts, for 5 days at Christmas.

[––Living in Aquitaine––]

6/1362, The Black Prince and Joan moved to Bordeaux after Edward was named Duke of Aquitaine. [Joan was son to become the fashion setter of Gascony for the women.]

9/1/1362, Duke Edward retained a personal goldsmith at Bordeaux.

10/10/1362, Licence … are bound to render to the king’s daughter Joan, princess of Aquitaine and Wales, sometime wife of Thomas de Holand, and her heirs, … (S) CPRs.

11/26/1362, Joan with the Duke at Poitiers for the signing of a treaty.

3/1363, The Black Prince held a large tournament in Angouleme, Aquitaine, in celebration of the birth of his son.

1363-64, Along winter, and the coldest winter in France in living memory.

2/4/1365, A letter sent by Joan of Kent to Edward III announces their son Edward's birth.

1/6/1367, Prince Edward and Joan had a son, Richard, heir to the throne.

4/3/1367, John of Gaunt and his forces, having joined up with the Black Prince and his forces, crossed the Pyrenees mountains in winter, and won the battle of Najara, Spain. An estimated 16,000 soldiers died in the battle.

11/18/1368, Duke Edward became gravely ill and was confined to bed.

10/8/1370, Duke Edward besieged the city of Limoges, against unruly local barons. When it fell Edward killed 3,000 of its inhabitants.

1370, Edward, very ill, returned to Bordeaux, leaving his brother John of Gaunt as his lieutenant.

1/1371, Duke Edward was extremely ill, and in the same month his heir Edward died, he returned his family to England.

1/1372, Edward hosted a tournament at Cheapside in celebration of his brother John’s wedding.

11/5/1372, The Black Prince formally surrendered Aquitaine to his father.

[––Returned to England––]

6/8/1376, the Black Prince died before his father [likely of illness contracted in Spain], buried in Canterbury Cathedral.

[––Joan––]

10/7/1376, Joan left 1,000 marks in the will of her father-in-law King Edward III. (S) Testamenta Vetusta, V1, 1826, P11.

11/20/1376, A third of the revenues of Richard, Prince of Wales, age 9, reserved in dower for Joan. Joan also received 1000m per year for Richard’s support.

2/1377, Joan sent 3 of her knights, Sir Aubrey de Vere, Sir Simon Burley, and Sir Lewis Clifford, to entreat the citizens of London by their love for her to make peace with Duke John of Gaunt and Henry de Percy. [1376, Duke John took the brunt of the criticism at the Good Parliament. The House of Commons claiming that poverty in England was being caused by the frauds and shameful practices of the aristocracy.]

5/22/1377, Pope Greggory’s bull instructing the Archbishop of Canterbury to warn the king and nobles against John Wycliffe's heresies. Joan and some of her knights [William Neville, Lewis Clifford, Richard Stury] specifically mentioned.

7/16/1377, Richard II crowned king of England. [Joan’s son.]

3/1378, Andrew Luttrell and his wife Elizabeth granted a lifetime annuity of £200 in recognition of service to Joan and the Prince during his lifetime. [When Andrew died, Joan continued the annuity for Elizabeth.]

4/1378, Joan received a robe of the Garter becoming a Lady of the Garter.

1378, On the involvement of Joan, through her knight Sir Lewis Clifford, the proceedings against John Wycliffe in the synod at Lambeth were suspended.

1/1380, Joan granted Aubrey de Vere the bailiwick of Rochford hundred, Essex, for life.

1380, Joan an intermediary in the rape charge of poer Geoffrey Chaucer [married to a sister of the wife of Duke John of Gaunt.]

4/20/1380, Joan’s record of an exchange of rental at Miserden manor with Meaux Abbey. [The only extant record with Joan’s personal seal.]

5/1381, A new barge was constructed for Joan which would allow easier access to Windsor, Kennington and Westminster from her home at Wallingford.

1381, Joan, returning to London from a pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral, found the way was barred by Wat Tyler and his rebels. She was let through, and provided an escort for the rest of her trip. [Wat Tyler the head of the Peasants Revolt over the poll tax.]

7/1381, Blanche Wake, Joan’s aunt, died. Joan inherited her dower estates.

1/20/1382 at Westminster, Joan witnessed the marriage of Richard II with Anne of Bohemia.

10/31/1382, Joan, princess of Wales, duchess of Cornwall, countess of Chester and lady de Wake, held the manor of Woking in her demesne as of fee, and by her charter dated at Wallingford granted it to her son, Thomas de Holand, earl of Kent, and Alice his wife. (S) IPM of Alice, Sussex.

11/1383, Joan requested a commission of inquiry to uphold the rights of her Warborough of Wallingford tenants to have use of common land belonging to the Bishop of Lincoln.

11/1384, Joan’s daughter Joan, Duchess of Brittany, died.

6/12/1385, Richard II ordered Lewis Clifford, Richard Stury, and 3 other knights to remain with his mother for her protection.

8/7/1385 at the castle of Walyngford, Joan wrote her will: … To my dear son the King, my new bed of red velvet, … To my dear son Thomas Earl of Kent, my bed of red camak … to my dear son John Holland … (S) Testamenta Vetusta, V1, 1826, P14.

8/8/1385, Joan died at Wallingford castle; buried in the church of Grey Friars, Stamford, Lincolnshire. [It was said by Walsingham that Joan was "so fat from eating that she could scarcely walk”.] (S) Mistress of the Monarchy, Wier, P216.

(S) Magna Carta Ancestry, P469. (S) The Black Prince, Jones, 2018.

Family notes:

·         IsPM: Joan had manors in 26 counties, mainly Lincolnshire.

Children of Thomas and Joan: [3 sons, 2 daughters]

i. Thomas de Holand (738714), born 1350 in England.

ii. John Holland, born 1352 in England.

2/1352 at the castle of Thorp Waterville, Joan de Holand, Countess of Kent, gave to her son John de Holand and his heirs the manor of Great Gadesdene, Hertford. (S) Hist. of Herfordshire, V3, Cussans, P119.

8/1379, John received a 8 long gowns and other garments from King Richard II.

1380, Joan granted John 3 Wake manors.

3/1381, John appointed Justice of Cheshire for life.

1397, John, 1st Duke of Exeter [& 12th Earl of Huntingdon].                                              

1400, John executed for treason against King Henry IV.

iii. Maud de Holand, born ? in England.

Maud married to Hugh de Courtenay, s/o Hugh de Courtenay, s/o Hugh de Courtenay, earl of Devon. (S) CPRs.

2/6/1365, Licence for Hugh de Courtenay, earl of Devon, to demise … remainder to Maud daughter of Thomas de Holand, late earl of kent, wife of Hugh, son of Hugh de Courtenay the earl’s son, … (S) CPRs.

4/1/1380 at Windsor, Maud married Valeran III de Luxembourg, Count of Ligny and Saint-Pol. [She received a 3-legged vessel, cup and ewer from Duke John of Gaunt.]

Children of Prince Edward and Joan: [2 sons]

i. Edward of Angoulême, born 1/27/1365 in Angoulême, France.

1370, Edward died.

ii. King Richard II, born 1/6/1367 in England.

7/16/1377, Richard of Bordeaux crowned king after the death of his grandfather.

1381, Richard led troops agains Wat Tyler and put down the Peasant’s Revolt.

1/20/1382, Richard married Anne of Bohemia. [No children.]

1388, Richard submitted to the 5 “Lords Appellant”.

5/1389, Richard declared himself of age, and dismissed the Lords Appellant.

1394, Queen Anne died.

1397, Richard dissolved the Lords Appellant, killing 2 of its members.

1399, Richard II was defeated by his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, s/o John of Gaunt.

1399, Richard died in prison.

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