23638794.
King James I of Aragon & 23638795. Queen Yolande of Hungary
2/1/1208,
“Jaime” born at Montpellier, Spain, s/o 47277588. Pedro II of Aragon &
47277589. Marie of Montpellier.
1211, James
a ward of Simon de Montfort [who intended to marry Jaime to his daughter.]
9/12/1213,
James succeeded his father when he died at the battle of Muret.
6/1214,
James wardship was transferred to a papal legate Peter of Benevento.
8/1214 at
Lerida of Catalan, Jaime I acknowledged as soverign. Jaime’s uncle Sanc, count
of Rousillon was appointed governor of the realm. Jaime lodged with the master
of the Temple at the fortress at Monzon, where his cousin Ramon Berenguer IV,
count of Provence, had been since 1209.
1215, By
decree of the 4th Lateran Council of the church, Muslims and Jews were required
to wear distinctive dress, a yellow badge for Muslims, and a 6-pointed star for
Jews. Jamie I and Fernand III both refused to enforce the ruling.
1216,
Yolande born in Hungary, d/o 47277590. Andrew II of Hungary & 47277591.
Yolande de Courtenay.
1217, James,
in the care of the Knights Templar, brought to Zaragoza.
[––James
& Eleanor––]
1221, James,
age 12, married Eleanor [about age 30], d/o King Alfonso VIII of Castile &
Queen Eleanor Plantagenet. [1 son, later declared illegitimate.]
1224, Jaime
released from Monzon to begin reign.
1225, James
failed in an attempt to conquer Islamic Peniscola.
1227, James
suppressed a revolt of his barons.
1229, James’
marriage to Eleanor annuled on the grounds of consanguinity.
[––James––]
9/10/1229,
James completed the conquest of Majorca [and later the rest of the Balearic
islands.]
1231, Jamie
I of Aragon got Sancho VII of Navarre, having no heirs, to name Jamie as his
heir, and agreed to aid each other against Fernando III.
1232, Jamie
took the crusader’s vow at Monzon.
1232, James
begins the Valencia, Spain, crusade.
7/1232, The
Muslims of Minorca recognized Jaime I as their soverign, surrendering strategic
castles to him.
1233, James
outlawed any vernacular translation of the Bible.
1234, Sancho
VII of Navarre died; but the Navarrese chose Thibaut of Champange, Sancho’s
nephew, as his successor.
1235, Jaime
ceded the islands of Ibiza and Formentera as fiefs to the archbishop of
Tarragon.
[––James
& Yolande––]
By 1235,
James married Yolande with papal approval.
1236, Jaime
renewed his crusader vows at the ‘cortes of Monzon’, announcing his intention
to capture Valencia.
1237, Jaime
established his siege forces on the Puig de Cebolla, a hill overlooking
Valencia.
1238, A
“monstrous and inhuman race of men”, with a leader called Kan, began to overun
far eastern Europe.
8/1238, A
christian blockade of the port of Valencia prevented supplies from reaching the
city.
9/1238, Ibn
Mardanish, on the verge of statvation, offered to surrender the city.
9/28/1238,
James, fighting the Moors, captured Valencia. “We Jaume by the grace of God
king of the Aragonese and of the kingdom of the Mallorcas, and count of
Barcelona dn Urgell and lord of Montpellier, promise … all the Moors, … may
travel and leave safe and secure … who wish to stay … may remain under Our
protection …” (S) Medieval Iberia: Readings, Constable, 1997, P213.
10/9/1238,
Jamie and his forces entered the city of Valencia.
1239, Jaime
ordered a new territorial custom for Valencia, including parishes, published in
Latin.
1240-43, Jaime
pushed south occupying Villena, Sax, Borgarra, and Salinas [which had been
reserved to Castillian expansion by the treaty of Cazola in 1179.]
3/26/1244,
James signed the Treaty of Almizra with King Fernando III of Castile.
1244, Jaime
captured Alcira and Jativa.
1245, Jaime
captured Biar.
1247, Jaime
promulgated the Code of Huesca of Aragonese law in the ‘cortes’.
1248, Jaime
suppressed a Muslim revolt in Valencia. Jamie ordered all involved expelled
from the kingdom.
12/8/1249,
Alfonson X of Castile wrote a letter to James detailing the wedding plans of
the marriage ceremony of him to James’ daughter Yolande.
10/12/1251,
Yolande died.
[––James––]
Aft.
5/30/1252, James received a letter of Jofre de Loaysa, court historian for King
Fernando III, the father-in-law of his daughter of Yolande, informing him that
King Fernando had died.
James
married 3rd Teresa Gil de Vidaure [who he left when she developed
leprosy].
4/1254,
Queen Marguerite of Navarre, regent, visited King Jamie of Aragon at his court
in Monteaguado seeking an alliance. (S) Alfonso 10, The Learned, Marta-Nez,
2010, P109.
3/16/1256,
King James was meeting with Alfonso X at Soria where a Pisan delegation
invested Alfonso as “King of the Romans.” [Both Alfonso and Richard, brother of
King Henry III of England, were elected by different groups. Richard eventually
succeeded.]
1257, Jaime
opposed the election of Alfonso X of Castile as Holy Roman Emperor.
5/1258,
James signed the Treaty of Corbeil with King Louis IX of France; ending his
claims to Occitania [southern France] except for Montpellier. King Louis gave
up his claims to counties of the Spanish March.
1260, Jaime
made preparations for a crusade, but a prolonged storm season caused him to
abandon his plans.
1261, Jamie
had the territorial custom for Valencia republished in Catalan.
1263, James
presided over a debate in Barcelona between a Jewish Rabbi and a Christian.
7/1264,
Jaime convened an assembly of Catalan nobles and prelates in Barcelona.
11/1264,
Jaime convened an assembly of Catalan bishops and nobels in Zaragoza. [Both
assemblies were to ask for funds in support of Alfonso X against a revolt.]
1265, The
baronial revolt of the Union attacked Jamie’s governmental changes, demanded a
baronial council to represent the people.
1265, At the
‘cortes of Exea’, Jaime agreed to the barons insistance that a knight should
have jurisdiction over disputes among nobles, or between nobles and the king.
[Instead of persons trained in Roman and canon law.]
1266, James,
fighting the Moors, and supporting Axfonso X of Castile, captured Murcia.
1268, Jaime
sent an envoy to the court of the Mongol Khan about an alliance against the
Moors.
12/1268,
Alfonso X of Castile [Jaime’s son-in-law], spending Christmas with Jaime, urged
him to not trust the Mongols; but at the same time refused any direct part in a
crusade. Alfonso X did offer money and knights.
5/1269,
James’ envoy to the Khan returned with two Mongols and a representative of the
Byzantine emperor, pledging support.
Bef. 1269, After
Jaime agreed to supporting a crusade, the pope sent a letter to Jaime I of
Aragon urging him to terminate his adulterous relations with a Castilian lady.
9/4/1269,
James’ assembled army sailed on crusade from Barcelona. A storm drove them off
course and James abandoned the effort. [2 of his sons did continue to Acre.]
1274, James
triumphant at the 2nd ecumenical council of Lyons. [The only monarch
to attend the attempt by Pope Gregory X to revive an interest in crusading.]
1275, James’
barons revolted.
7/27/1276,
James, the Conqueror, died at Valencia; succeeded by his son Pedro III.
[Mallorca islands given to son Jaime II.]
(S) Medieval Iberia, Gerli, 2003. (S) A History of Medieval Spain,
O’Callaghan, 1983.
Family
notes:
·
James wrote or dictated at various stages a
chronicle of his own life, “Llibre dels fets” in Catalan; and an autobiography
“Book of Deeds” that expresses concepts of the power and purpose of monarchy;
examples of loyalty and treachery in the feudal order; and medieval military
tactics.
·
According to James he was born in the house of
the Rornamira, the eve of Our Lady Saint Mary, Candlemas Day, … sent to Saint
Mary’s … where the clergy was singing Te Deum Laudamus … then taken to Saint
Fermin where they were singing Benedictus Dominus Deus Israel … then back to
his mother’s house. … He was named by his mother by lighting candles for each
Apostle and seeing which one lasted the longest.
Children
of James and Yolande:
i. Violante of Aragon, born 6/8/1236 in Zaragoza,
Aragon.
12/1/1249 at
Valladolid, Violante married Alfonso X of Castile, s/o 11819394. King Fernando
III of Castile & 11819395. Queen Jeanne de Dammartin.
ii. Isabella of Aragon (11819397), born by 1251 in
Aragon.
