~960,
Aethelred ‘the Unready’ born in England, s/o s/o §§King Edgar ‘the Peaceful’ of England (`d.7/8/975) & Queen Aelfthryth Ordgar.
~965,
Aelfgifu born in Northumbria, d/o §§Earl Thored of Northumbria.
7/8/975,
Aethelred’s father died, his brother Edward succeeding. The same year a comet
appeared in the sky.
976, Famine
and “great disturbances” in England.
3/18/978,
King Edward murdered at Corfe [Dorset], Aethelred succeeding his brother.
4/979, Æthelred crowned King of England at Kingston. 2 archbishops and 10
bishops were present. During the year a “cloud red as blood” was seen some
nights around midnight, taking the form of rays of lights of various colors,
and disappearing at dawn.
[––Aethelred
& Aelfgifu ––]
~983,
Aethelred married Aelfgifu.
986, Aethelred
laid waste the diocese of Rochester. [It was also the year of a pestilence in
the cattle of England.]
991,
Aethelred lost the Battle of Maldon, and agreed to paid tribute, ‘Danegeld’, to
King of Denmark.
992, Aethelred
assembled a fleet of ships at London to attack the Danes’ ships, but the Danes
escaped.
994, Sweyn
Forkbeard of Denmark attacked London with 94 ships, but was soon driven from
London. [The Dane ‘host’ of ships would continue to attack various parts of
England over the succeeding years. Their successes were largely due to
information from Danes living in England, and Englishmen opposed to the king.]
1000,
Aethelred laid waste to Cumberland, a Danish foothold in the north.
1001,
Aethelred lost the battle of Pinhoe, supported by men from Devon and Somerset,
to the Danes. Aethelred’s sea forces did drive the Danes from the Isle of
Wight.
By 1002,
Aelfgifu died.
[––Aethelred
& Emma––]
1002,
Aethelred married Emma of Normandy, d/o 3025764384. Duke Richard I of Normandy
& 6051528721. Duchess Emma ?.
11/13/1002,
Aethelred orderd the St. Brices’ Day massacre of Danish settlers.
1003, The
Danes attacked Wiltshire and Hampshire.
1004, The
Danes sacked Norwich, but suffered heavy losses against the English at
Thetford.
1005, A great
famine in England. During this time the harassing Danes returned to Denmark,
returning in the fall to the Isle of Wight.
12/25/1006, Aethelred
was in Shropshire for Christmas. The kings council advised paying tribute to
the Danes in order to have peace.
1008, Aethelred
ordered ships to be built throughout England. There was to be 1 large warship
built for each 3 smaller ships.
1009, Aethelred
assembled his fleet at Sandwich near the narrowest point of the English
channel. In-fighting broke out among the commanders and many ships were lost in
a storm.
8/1009, The
Danes sacked Canterbury and took the archbishop captive [eventually killing
him.]
5/1010, The
Danes attacked Ipswich. [Due to information from locals they avoided conflicts
with the assembled English forces.]
1011, Aethelred
again agreed to pay tribute to attain peace with the Danes who by this time had
overrun much of southern England.
4/13/1012, Aethelred
assembled his leaders in London to give the tribute to the Danes. The tribute was
opposed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, who was captured by the Danes and
executed.
1013, Emma
sent to the court of her brother, Richard II, after the invasion of England by
Svend King of Denmark. The Danes fleet entered on the Humber river, then south
on the river Trent, landing at Gainsborough.
1013, England
successfully invaded and subjugated by Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark, who was
crowned King in London. Aethelred fled to Normandy.
2/2/1014, King
Sweyn died, leaving his son Cnut as king.
3/1014,
Aethelred returned to England with Emma.
By 6/1014,
Aethelred’s 2 elder sons had died.
1014, Sweyn’s
son Canute defeated in battle by King Aetherlred, returned to Denmark.
1015, Many of
the English that had sided with the Danes were punished, some killed and their
possessions taken.
8/1015,
Canute of Denmark invaded and pillaged England.
1016, Son
Edmund, referring to himself as Earl of the East Midlands, helped his father
Aethelred defend London.
4/23/1016,
King Aethelred died, buried in Old St. Paul’s cathedral, London. Emma again
returned to Normandy. [Aethelred’s 37 total years as King would not be
surpassed until King Henry III.]
[––Emma––]
10/18/1016,
King Edmund of England [s/o Aethelred], defeated at the battle of Ashingdon.
11/30/1016, Canute became King of Denmark and all of
England.
1017, Emma, living in Normandy, betrothed to King Canute
of England.
[––Emma & King Cnut––]
7/10/1018, Emma married King Cnut.
1028, King Canute became King of Norway.
[––Emma––]
11/12/1035, On the death of King Canute, his son Hardicanute became
King of Denmark and South England, [his half-brother Harold became King of
North England.]
1037, Emma was driven from England by King Harold.
3/17/1040, Hardicanute became king of both Denmark and England on the
death of Harold.
1040, Emma acted as Regent in Wessex.
6/8/1042, King Hardicanute died.
4/3/1043, Emma’s son Edward the Confessor became King of England,
crowned at Winchester on Easter Sunday.
1044, Another year of famine in England after a sever winter.
3/14/1052,
Emma died, buried in Winchester cathedral, London, England.
(S) The Anglo-Saxon
Chronicle, Garmonsway, 1972. [Excellent history of early England.]
Family notes:
§§King Edgar ‘the Peaceful’ (fl.955); s/o King
Edmund I (killed.5/26/946) & Aelfgifu of Shaftesbury; s/o King
Edward ‘the Elder’ (d.7/17/924); s/o
King Alfred the Great (d.10/26/899); br./o King Aethelred of Wessex
(fl.865, d.4/23/871); s/o King Aethelwulf of Wessex (d.1/13/858); s/o King
Egbert of Wessex (d.839); s/o King Ealhumd of Kent (fl.784).
Child
of Aethelred and Aelfgifu:
i. Edmund II of England (1512882204), born ~990 in
England. [3rd son]
Child
of Aethelred and Emma:
i. Edward the Confessor of England, born ~1004 in
England.
4/3/1043, Edward crowned King of England.
1/5/1066, Edward died. [The last king of the House of Wessex.]
Child
of Canute and Emma:
i. King Hardicanute of Denmark and England, born
~1019 in England.
3/17/1040-42, Hardicanute King of England.
6/8/1042, Hardicanute died at Lambeth.
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