2954848. King Edward II & 2954849. Queen Isabella of France
4/25/1284, Edward II born in Caernarfon Castle, Wales; s/o 5909696. King Edward
I & 5909697. Leonor of Castile.
8/19/1284, Edward became heir to his father when his older
brother Alfonso died; and was taken from Caernarfon to Chester. [Edward had 3
older brothers who all died as children.]
5/1286, Edward’s parents left for what would be a 3-year
trip to Gascony.
7/1289, Edward and 4 of his 5 sisters taken to Dover to
greet his returning parents.
1290, Edward received 6 herons as a gift from a man from
Caernarfon. [About this time Sir Guy Ferre would become his tutor. Since
Edward’s sisters could write it is believed that Edward also learned to write.]
Edward also had in his household Maud de Chaworth (5909947), Eleanor de Burgh (30422603),
and Humphrey de Bohun (5909948).
7/8/1290 at Westminster, Prince Edward with a train of 80
knights attended the wedding of his sister Margaret.
9/1/1290, King Edward I received a letter from his mother,
Queen Eleanor, asking that he not take young Edward II on a trip to the north
of England for fear of his getting sick from the cold.
11/28/1290, Edward II’s mother, Queen Eleanor died; leaving
Edward her only surviving son as Count of Ponthier and Montreuil at age 6. [His
mother was half Spanish, half French.]
6/26/1291, Edward’s grandmother, Queen Eleanor died.
11/23/1292-4/13/1293, Edward lived at Langley, near St.
Albans.
2/1293, Edward, with a large retinue and his brother-in-law
John of Brabant (husband of Margaret), attended a tournament being held at
Dunstable.
5/17/1293, Edward was visited by Edward Balliol, s/o the
King of Scotland.
6/17/1293, Edward, sent on a royal tour of southern England,
was at Mortlake, Surrey.
8/1293, Edward attended a hunting match in the forest of
Ashley.
9/20/1293, Edward was in Bristol for the marriage of his
sister Eleanor to the Count of Bar.
10/1293, Edward, holding a separate court at Montlake,
visited by his new brother-in-law Henri III of Bar (married eldest sister
Eleanor).
1295, Isabella born in France, d/o 5909698. King Philip IV & 5909699.
Jeanne of Navarre. [The Knight’s Templar Grand Master, Jacques de
Molay, was Isabella’s godfather.]
1/18/1297, Edward II attended his sister Elizabeth’s (5909949)
wedding at Ipswich.
8/23/1297, Edward II left England with his father and 500
ships to attack France and assert England’s land rights. Because of the refusal
of many barons, King Edward only had a small contingent of knights. The army
sailed for Flanders to seek additional support. (S) Chronicles of the Age of
Chivalry, 2000, P146.
8/27/1297, After the king’s crossing to Flanders, Edward,
the king’s son, supplying the king’s place in England, in the castle of
Tonebrigge, in his chamber there, in the presence of Sirs Reginald de Grey, …
and Guncelinus de Badelesmere, knights, and of … delivered to the said Sir John
de Langeton, the chancellor, the seal … [patent roll records then “tested” by
Edward, the king’s son.] (S) CPRs.
10/9/1297 in Ghent, Edward II was with his father when King
Edward I and King Philip IV agreed to make a truce. The next day King Edward I agreed
to recite the Magna Carta, which was sealed with the Great Seal on the 11th
of November.
3/29/1298, Edward II arrived back in England with his
father.
6/19/1298, Treaty of Montreuil, which provided for King
Philip IV’s daughter Isabella's future betrothal to Edward of Caernarvon.
Philip was to give Isabella a dowry of £18,000.
9/10/1299 at Canterbury, King Edward I married 2nd
Marguerite of France (11820333, age 17). [Edward age 15.]
1300, Edward received 2 greyhounds from the constable of
Conwy, Wales.
1300, King Edward sent “Perrot Gaveston”, one of his
squires, to the household of his son Edward [Piers was about a year older than
Edward].
6-7/1300, Edward with his father at the siege of
Caerlaverock castle in Scotland.
2/7/1301, Edward created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester
during the parliament at Lincoln. [The first instance of English royalty
officially having the title of “Prince”.]
3/1/1301, Mandate to purvey … wheat … oats … malt for the
use of the army against the Scots assembling at Midsummer partly at
Berwick-on-Tweed under the king and partly at Carlisle under Edward, the king’s
son … (S) CPRs.
1302, Edward granted his childhood home of Langley.
1303, Piers de Gaveston described in
the royal household records as Edward II’s “socius” [companion]. Gilbert de
Clare and Hugh
le Despenser (2954874) were
also members of Edward’s household.
[––Edward & Isabella––]
5/20/1303, Edward betrothed to Isabella.
1304, In a letter from her brother Edward II, Elizabeth is
aked to send her white greyhound to mate with Edward’s. The same year Edward
sent Elizabeth 2 mares from his stud and their foals.
9/27/1304, Appointment of Edward, the king’s son to go to
Amiens to do homage to Philip, king of France, for the duchy of Aquitiane. (S)
CPRs.
7/1305, King Edward, during a falling-out with his son
Edward II, sent many of his son’s household away, including Piers.
8/4/1305, Edward II wrote a letter to his sister Elizabeth
asking her to get Queen Margaret to intercede on his behalf and get his friends
returned.
10/13/1305, Edward the father and son reconciled at a
banquet.
11/27/1305, Pope Clement V signed a dispensation to allow
Isabella to marry at age 10. [King Edward rejected the proposal for the early
marriage.]
5/22/1306 at Westminister, Lord Edward, Hugh le Despenser,
Piers Gaveston, Roger de Mortimer (1249358), Earl Edmund fitz Alan (5909944)
and others [267 total] were knighted by King Edward I.
2/26/1307, King Edward I banished his son’s “companion”,
Piers Gaveston, telling him to return to Gascony, until recalled; and granting
him 100 marks a year. [Prince Edward gave Piers £260 and many gifts on his
departure.]
[––King Edward II––]
7/7/1307 at Carlisle, Edward II became king on the death of
his father (learning of the death 4 days later). Edward effectively abandoned
the war with Scotland. [Over the next 7 years Robert the Bruce would drive the
English out of all castles north of the Tweed except Berwick and Stirling.] On
his ascension Edward was described as “handsome in body and great in strength.”
7/11/1307, King Edward II recalled Piers to England;
reuniting at Dumfries in August.
8/6/1307, Edward made Piers Earl of Cornwall, arranged for
him to marry Margaret de Clare (60845659, married 11/1/1307 at Berkhamsted
castle), and awarded him a salary of £4000 a year.
1/10/1308, Edward, having to comply with a papal bull,
ordered he arrest of all the Templar knights in England. [Edward arranged for
the Templars to be paid 4p a day. The papal bull was rescinded 3/1312.]
1/22/1308, King Edward left for France from Dover.
2/7/1308, Edward and Isabella arrived back in England at
Dover. [They arrived on separate boats. Edward is said to have displayed
‘improper familiarity’ when greeting Piers.]
5/14/1308, Edward granted Isabella the country of Ponthieu,
worth about £1300
yearly. [Likely due to pressure from her father.]
12/1308, Edward and
Isabella spent Christmas day and New Years day at Windsor with Isabella. [He
was in residence at Langley.]
Winter 1308-09, The
Thames river was frozen to the point that bonfires could be built on the ice.
2/1/1309, A total
solar eclipse was seen in England.
3-4/1309, Edward
granted Isabella lands in Cheshire and North Wales as well as a cash grant of £1,122.
6/27/1309, Piers returned to England;
his lands and titles restored soon afterwards (8/5).
10/18/1309, The Earl of Warwick (1249356), Thomas – earl of Lancaster
(1st cousin), Henry – earl of Lincoln, the Earl of Arundel (5909944) and Robert – earl of
Oxford refused to attend a called parliament to be held at York because of
Piers Gaveston’s presence at the side of King Edward. Later Gilbert – earl of
Gloucester, Aymer – earl of Pembroke, and John – earl of Richmond would also
refuse claiming their approach would be unsafe. When King Edward moved the
parliament to Westminster, the earls of Lancaster, Hereford (5909948), Warwick
and Pembroke agreed to attend, but said they would come armed.
3/20/1310, 21 Ordainers sworn in: Bishops: Canterbury,
London, Salisbury, Chichester, Norwich, St. Davids and Llandaff. Earls: Gloucester,
Lancaster, Lincoln, Pembroke, Hereford, Warwick, Richmond and Arundel. Barons: Hugh
de Vere, Hugh de Courtenay (15210464), Robert de Clifford
(1249352), William Marshal, and William Martin. (S)
Parliament Rolls, 2005, Edward II.
10/1309 & 2/1310, Edward called for parliaments, but the
magnates refused to attend.
8/1310, Edward left for Scotland with Piers and the earls of
Gloucester and Surrey. His expedition would last a year.
11/1310, Queen Eleanor, spending several months with the
king at Berwick-on-tweed, ordered 5000 pieces of fruit in Nov., 1300 in Dec.,
and 9800 in early 1311.
1/18/1311, Edward revoked Piers exhile.
8/16/1311, Having been recalled by the Ordainers, and
leaving Piers in the north, Edward was presented with the restrictions imposed
by the Ordainers; much of it based on accusations about Piers.
10-11/1310, Edward gave Isabella the palace of Eltham and
lands in Kent and Lincolnshire.
10/28/1310 at Eltham, Isabella wrote a letter to Edward.
10/29/1310, Isabella wrote a letter to the receiver of
Ponthieu about the affairs of Piers.
11/23/1311, King
Edward paid a messenger of Piers a pound for carrying the messages to him.
12/25/1311, Edward and Isabella spent Christmas at
Westminster.
1/1312, Edward departed for Yorkshire, picking up his
pregnant niece Margaret, wife of Piers, along the way at Wallingford. [Margaret
delivered her daughter Joan (by 1/12). (1/13) Piers,
still officially exhiled, arrived at Nottingham.]
2/1312, The Ordainer barons revolted, including Earl Humphrey
de Bohun. They created a plan to capture Piers involving the earls of Pembroke
[John de Hastings] and Surrey [Edmund FitzAlan], and Robert de Clifford and
Henry de Percy.
2/20/1312, Edward, Piers &
Margaret celebrated Joan’s birth at Scarbarough castle, York.
2/24/1312 at York, Queen Isabella was present for the
christening of Margaret’s infant daughter Joan. [Isabella had been travelling
for over two weeks.]
3/1312, Piers excommunicated by the
Archbishop of Canterbury.
4/22/1312, Edward, Isabella, Piers and Margaret were
together at Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
4/25/1312, Edward bought Isabella large white
pearls for £40.
5/5/1312, Edward, after hearing of the
approach of the Earl of Lancaster with is forces, and decided to return Piers to
Scarbarough castle. Edward and Piers travelled by sea (for 5 days), while
Isabella travelled by land to Knaresborough castle. (Edward met her there on
the 14th.) [In the meantime, the Earl of Lancaster had captured
Edward’s baggage train at Tynemouth, and captured Margaret at Newcastle.]
6/19/1312, Piers Gaveston, sometime Earl of Cornwall, King
Edward’s favorite, was executed at Blacklow Hill, Warwickshire, by the earls of
Lancaster, Hereford and Arundel. [Piers, apparently a good soldier and
administrator, would be replaced by “favorites” who were vicious and power
seekers – the law of unintended consequences. 7 Earls would be executed in a
short 18 year span – the last English
earl having been executed 236 years before. 1–Piers (who would have been an
earl at his death if not forced out), 2 by Edward II, 3 by Roger de Mortimer, 1
by Edward III. In addition, 2 earls would be killed in battles.]
7/1312, Edward sent an escourt retinue to bring Isabella
back south where they would take up residence at Windsor castle.
10/20/1312, King Edward granted Isabella authority to write
her will [in case she died in childbirth.]
12/1312, Edward and the earls of Lancaster, Warwick and
Hereford signed a peace treaty.
1/1313, Edward, Isabella, and their son Edward were
entertained by multiple pagents at Westminster.
2/23/1313, Edward received the possessions that the Earl of
Lancaster had captured at Tynemouth.
5/23/1313, King Edward and Queen Isabella left from Dover
for a trip to France.
6/2/1313, Edward and Isabella arrived in Paris where 3 of
Isabella’s brothers were to be knighted. King Edward participated with King
Philip IV in knighting 200 plus.
6/5/1313, The silken pavilion in which Edward and Isabella
were sleeping caught fire. Their possessions were destroyed and Isabella
received burns to her arms.
6/19/1313 at Pontoise, France, Edward had 54 people dance
naked for entertainment. [Anniversary of Piers’ death.]
7/15/1313, Edward and Isabella arrived back in England at
Dover.
10/13/1313, The Barons involved with the death of Gaveston,
after submission before the king, were pardoned by Edward II with the “kiss of
peace”. [Partly due to renewal of the war with Scotland – Edward II needed the
support of the Barons. 350 adherents of the earls were also pardoned.]
1313-14, The Scots made many raids on English castles held
in Scotland, including a siege of Stirling castle (6/1313). [Perth, Edinburgh,
Roxburgh and Dumfries castles were destroyed.]
2/28/1314, Queen Isabella went to France from Sandwich to
present petitions of Edward to her father concerning Gascony. [Edward gave her £5,000
for the trip. She travelled with a large retinue.]
1314, Isabella testified in the adultery case in France
involving the wives of her brothers Louis and Charles and two d’Aulnay
brothers.
1314, Edward banned in London the playing of “rumpuses with
large footballs”, [Possibly the precursor to modern soccer.]
6/1314, Robert the Bruce was besieging the castles of
Berwick and Stirling. King Edward marched north with an army of 15,000
including 2000 armored knights. Queen Isabella accompanied King Edward as far
as Berwick.
6/24/1314, King Edward II lost the battle of Bannockburn.
Robert Bruce had deployed 8000 spearmen on a hill overlooking Bannock burn
[brook], a tributary of the Forth. Robert held 500 mounted knights in reserve. As
the English attacked across the brook, Robert counter-attacked along a
2000-yard front. Edward attempted to flank the Scot’s left with archers, but
they were driven back the Scot cavalry. The English front broke against the
Scottish spearmen. It was the largest loss of English knights in a single day
(over 500 knights and noblemen). 4000 Scots were killed. Stirling castle then
fell to Robert. King Edward escaped with a small retinue and managed to reach
the safety of Dunbar castle (60 miles from the battle). From there Edward took
a fishing boat to Berwick where Isabella was waiting. [Edward’s valuable
baggage train was captured by the Scots.]
8/1314, The Scots invaded, plundered, and set fire to vast
areas of northern England.
9/10/1314, Edward held a parliament at York to propose a
peace settlement with the Scots, which included an exchange of prisoners.
11/29/1314, King Philip of France died, succeeded by Louis
X, age 25 [who would died within 2 years].
12/1314, The royal family spent the Christmas season at
Windsor castle.
1/2/1315, King Edward buried Piers in the Dominican church
at Langley after Piers’ excommunication was lifted.
4/1315, Due to a famine in England caused by year-long rains
and flooding, King Edward ordered the regulation of food prices. [The
regulations were suspended in the parliament of 1316.]
5/1315, King Edward learned that most of Ireland had been
taken by the Scots. [Roger Mortimer still held Dulbin and a few castles for the
King, which would be lost in December.]
By 1315, Hugh de Audley (60845658) with
Roger Damory (30422770) and William
Montacute (2495306) highly influential with the king. [All 3 had fought at
the Battle of Bonnackburn.] (S) Edward II, Warner, 2017.
6/5/1316, Isabella’s brother, King Louis of France died;
followed soon by her infant nephew the heir.
7/23/1316, Edward and pregnant Isabella left for her Eltham
Palace in Kent.
12/25/1316, Edward and Isabella were at Nottingham.
3/1317, King Edward with Roger de Amory traveled to Amesbury
to arrange Roger’s marriage to widow Elizabeth de Clare (2498691). [He was a
younger s/o a minor lord, and she was the granddaughter of a king.]
1317, Hugh de Audley, Roger Damory and William Montacute at
multiple parliaments during the year continued to raise animosity between
Edward and the Earl of Lancaster.
7/7/1317, Edward founded King’s Hall at Cambridge [the 2nd
college at Cambridge] to educate clerks for his Chancery. Its 32 members were
known as King’s scholars.
3/15/1318, King Edward attended his stepmother Queen
Marguerite’s funeral at Greyfriars Church. Queen Isabella and daughter Eleanor
also attended. [Isabella received her dower lands.]
8/1/1318, King Edward assigned dower to Isabella, daughter
of Philip, king of France, to the value of £18,000 of petty money of Tours. (S)
CPRs.
8/7/1318, King Edward and the Earl of Lancaster exchanged
the kiss of peace, and agreed to the Treaty of Leake.
10/1318, Hugh le Despenser, the
younger, confirmed as Chancellor by parliament.
1318-19, Scottish allies of Robert Bruce invaded York and
nearly captured Queen Isabella who was visiting the Archbishop. Learning of the
invasion by a captured Scot, Isabella escaped by ship to Nottingham. The Scots
wasted the countryside to the city gates of York, burning Ripon, Knaresborough,
Skipton, ... (S) Gentleman’s Mag., V26, 1902, P131.
1-7/1319, King Edward was at York.
9/7/1319, Edward besieged Berwick-upon-Tweed. He had not
brought siege engines and had to have them brought by ship. Learning of the
invasion of York and the defeat at Myton of the Archbishop, Edward abandoned
the siege and returned to England. [The Scots escaped by a western route which
avoided Edward’s large army.]
12/21/1319, Edward signed a 3-year peace agreement with
Robert Bruce.
6/1/1320, Edward granted High Peak in Derbyshire to Isabella
to aid in the expenses of son John and daughter Eleanor.
6/19/1320, King Edward traveled to France to perform homage
(at Amiens on 6/29) for his French lands in Gascony and Ponthieu to his
overlord and brother-in-law, King Philip V. [Edward and Isabella returned in
August.]
10/6/1320, King Edward called a parliament at Westminster.
Bishop Thomas Cobham wrote to Pope John, “the king, in the parliament summoned
to London bore himself splendidly, with prudence and discretion, contrary to
his former habit rising early and presenting a nobler and pleasant countenance
to prelates and lords. Present almost every day in person, he arranged what
business was to be dealt with, discussed and determined. Where amendment was
necessary he ingeniously supplied what was lacking, thus giving joy to his
people, ensuring their security, and providing reliable hope of an improvement
in behavior.”
10/26/1320, Edward ordered the Gower peninsula in South
Wales to be taken into his own hands, prior to awarding it to his favourite
Hugh le Despenser and trampling over the rights of the Marcher lords,
specifically John de Mowbray (5910160).
2/1321, Edward issued writs forbidding unlawful assembly
because he knew Earl Thomas of Lancaster was meeting with large groups of
norther barons.
5/4/1321, the “Marcher lords” of northern Wales attacked the
Despenser’s estates in southern Wales; beginning the “Despenser War”. The
forces opposing Hugh le Despenser and King Edward II were Roger de Mortimer,
Earl Humphrey de Bohun, leading the Marcher forces; Earl Thomas of Lancaster,
leading norther barons; and supporting barons including Roger de Armory, Hugh
de Audley, Roger de Clifford and John de Giffard.
5/1321, Edward confiscated the lands of his former favorite
Hugh de Audley, the younger, who had attacked the Despenser estates at Newport
[which Audley had previously held].
8/1/1321, Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford and Essex, entered
London with a large force and took the lead in denouncing Edward’s favorites
[the Despencers.]
7/28/1321, Edward created his brother Edmund
of Woodstock (2954858) as the 3rd Earl of Kent.
8/3-24/1321, King Edward granted Isabella custody of the
Great Seal. [Also in Oct. & Nov.].
8/14/1321, Under pressure from the rebelling magnates,
Edward agreed to exile the Despensers. [The person most attributed with
convincing Edward was Queen Isabella.]
10/1321, King Edward implemented a plan to draw the
revolting barons into war. He sent Isabella on pilgrimage to Canterbury, during
which trip she would request accommodations at Ledes castle (in Kent) of
Bartholomew de Badelesmere (5909950), his former steward who had joined the
revolt and was at Oxford with the rebels. Bartholomew’s wife, Margaret de Clare
(5909951), refused the Queen’s entry. King Edward then began a siege (10/23) of
Ledes castle (castle falling 11/11.)
12/1321, Edward issued safe conducts for Hugh and his father
Hugh le Despenser (5909748) to return to
England.
1/3/1322, Isabella’s brother King Philip V of France died
without a male heir; her brother Charles succeeding.
2/26/1322, King Edward captured Lancaster’s Kenilworth castle.
3/3/1322, King Edward was reunited with the Despensers who
also brought a large number of men to his aid. The same day Edward seized all
of Lancaster’s lands.
3/10/1322, King Edward defeated the forces of Earl Thomas of
Lancaster on the river Trent.
3/16/1322, At the battle of Boroughbridge, northwest of
York, King Edward defeated the forces of the Marcher lords and Thomas of
Lancaster. The royalist forces were
defending their position with dismounted men-at-arms and archers against an
attacking calvary.
3/22/1322, Edward executed Earl Thomas of Lancaster for
treason at his castle of Pontefract [This complicated Edward’s French
connections because Thomas was the uncle of King Charles IV of France, Edward’s
brother-in-law.]
1322, King Edward marched his forces into southeastern
Scotland, but was immediately sent into retreat.
10/14/1322, Edward, fought the battle of Byland [20 miles
north of York] against Robert Bruce, and was nearly captured by the Scots
invading south at Rievaulx abbey; primarily by treachery of Andrew Harclay.
This defeat compelled Edward to recognize Scottish independence [which would
become official in 1328.]
2/1323, Queen Isabela and Eleanor de Clare both petitioned
King Edward II on behalf of Joan, “our dear and well-beloved cousin”, wife of
Roger de Mortimer(1249358), who had been imprisoned with his whole family.
[Roger escaped and fled to France.]
3/3/1323, Edward had Andrew Harclay, Earl of Carlisle,
executed for collusion with the Scot Robert Bruce; and then had his head placed
on London bridge.
3/18/1323, Writ … for Edmund, earl of Kent, the king’s brother,
appointed as lieutenant on this side of Trent against the incursion of the
Scots … as the king proposes going South of Trent for recreation. (S) CPRs.
4/1324-1/1325, Pope John XXII wrote multiple times to Queen
Isabella requesting her help in peace negotiations between King Edward and her
brother King Charles.
8/1324, King Edward began the “War of Saint-Sardos” with his
brother-in-law King Charles of France, who had invaded Aquitaine.
9/18/1324, Edward seized Isabella’s lands into his own
hands. [Supposedly due to the war.] Queen Isabella was granted a little over £7
daily for her expenses.
10/1324, Queen Isabella smuggled a letter to her brother,
the King of France, in which she accused Hugh le Despenser of depriving her of
her husband’s love.
3/9/1325, Isabella sent to France to negotiate with her
brother, King Charles IV, left from Dover. [Edward gave her £1000
for immediate expenses, and the ability to borrow money while in France. Before
her departure Edward asked the Dominicans of Venice to pray for her and his
family during her trip. In May, Edward documented that he had sent Isabella at
the Pope’s urging.]
3/31/1325, Isabella wrote to Edward from Paris, addressing
him as ‘mon tresdoutz coer’.
6/13/1325, King Edward and his brother-in-law King Charles
signed a truce agreement. [Not very favorable to Edward.]
9/1/1325 in Paris, Queen Isabella met with Archbishop John Stratford (4211200) and others. The
next evening, the Queen met just with John at dinner and suggested that her
son, Prince Edward, be given all his father’s lands in France, and then the
Prince would be able to do the homage that King Edward was reticient to
perform. Together, the Queen and John took this suggestion to King Charles.
King Charles accepted this idea, and the Archbishop was sent back to England to
obtain King Edward’s approval.
9/12/1325 sailing from Dover, Edward (1477424), age 12, sent
by his father to do homage to King Charles IV for his French lands. Archbishop
John Stratford had in his possession a “safe conduct” letter for the Queen from
King Edward commanding her to return “without delay” once the Prince had done
his homage. [The Despensers requested King Edward not leave them unprotected in
England, and he was worried about his numerous enemies gathered in France.]
By 10/1325, Apparently King Edward was in an affair with his
niece Eleanor de Clare (2954875), wife of his
favorite Hugh le Despenser. King Edward
frequently visited Eleanor, 11 times during the final year of his reign. His
household accounts show he sent her gifts of jewels and golden chaffinches, and
gave her lots of money. “Privy dining” is mentioned in the accounts, as well as
medicines brought to them “when they were ill.” [There is also circumstantial
evidence for a relationship during the same time between Edward and Hugh.]
11/1325, Queen Isabella sent word that she would not return to
England until the “intruder” [Hugh le Despenser] between her and her husband
had been removed. The same month Edward cut off Isabella’s access to his money.
11/25/1325 in Paris, Queen Isabella and Roger de Mortimer
attended the coronation of Jeanne of Evreux as Queen of France. Roger carried
Prince Edward’s train.
12/1/1325, Edward wrote what would be his last letter to
Isabella defending Hugh le Despenser.
12/1325, King Edward arranged for 4 of his 30
sergeants-at-arms to sleep outside his bed chamber, and the rest to remain in
the hall ‘to be nearby.’
12/8/1325, Queen Isabella wrote a letter to Edward stating
that she would not return until the intruder who had come between Edward and
her [Hugh, who she referred to as a Pharisee] was removed. Queen Isabella started
wearing the clothes of a mourning widow. Many of Isabella’s servants returned
to England where King Edward paid them for their service.
12/16/1325, Jeanne de Valois (2954851), Countess of Hainaut
(and Isabella’s 1st cousin), and her daughter Philippa traveled from
Hainaut to Paris for her father’s funeral. [Likely the meeting with Isabella
that would eventually lead to Philippa marrying Isabella’s son Edward.]
12/31/1325, Isabella borrowed 1,000 Paris livres from her
brother King Charles. [This would usually cover about a month of her expenses.]
1/3/1326, King Edward wrote to the Pope asking that no
dispensation be given to his son Edward’s marriage to anyone in France without
his permission.
1/21/1326, Edward founded Oriel College at Oxford; the 5th
college at Oxford.
1/22/1326, Edward sent a letter to Count William of Hainaut
about settling issues the Count had with the treatment of his subjects by
Englishmen. [The Count would soon support Isbella’s invasion of England.]
2/5/1326, Isabella wrote a letter to the Archbishop of
Canterbury say that she had not left her husband without a very great and
justifiable cause.
1326, Isabella traveled to Hainault where she found support
from Count William of Hainaut against King Edward. [William’s daughter Philippa
(1477425) would marry Isabel’s son King Edward III.] (S) The Political History
of England, Poole, 1905, P298. [Note that her brother King Charles did not
provide support.]
4-5/1326, King Edward resided at Kenilworth,
Gloucestershire, and Wiltshire. [During this time Edward is known to have spent
a lot of time playing his favorite games – ‘cross and pile’, and dice.]
8/1327, King Edward sent an unsuccessful invasion fleet to
Normandy, which suffered heavy losses. [Likely sent to retrieve his son
Edward.]
8/27/1326 at Mons, Edward [III]’s marriage contract with
Philippa finalized, which included marrying within 2 years. Roger de Mortimer
(1249358) and Edmund (2954858), earl of Kent were guarantees. (S) Edward III,
Ormrod, 2013, P39.
9/27/1326, King Edward and both Despensers were in the Tower
when they heard that the Queen had landed in England with a great army [which
was incorrect – she only had 700 mercenaries, and was joined by about the same
number of rebels.]
9/28/1326, King Edward offered a reward of £1000
for the head of Roger de Mortimer.
9/29/1326, Isabella took £800 from the abbey of St.
Edmunds, 40 miles NW of where they landed to pay her soldiers.
10/2/1326, King Edward and Hugh le Despenser sailed west from
Chepstow. Edward left his niece Eleanor de Clare in custody of the Tower.
10/9/1326, Isabella offered a reward of £2000 for the head
of Hugh le Despenser.
10/15/1326, Isabella and her forces were at Wallingford, 45
miles west of London, where her reward offer was publically read.
10/18/1326, Queen Isabella and her forces arrived outside of
Bristol, which was being held by Hugh le Despenser, the elder.
10/20/1326, King Edward was at Chepstow in Conwy castle. [15
miles north of Bristol, across the Severn river.] From there they again set
sail, but were forced to put in at Cardiff [due
west of Bristol.]
10/27/1326, Hugh le Despenser, the elder, executed at
Bristol. The same day, King Edward and Hugh the younger arrived at Caerphilly
castle, Wales.
11/2/1326, Edward and Hugh left Caerphilly castle and went
to Margam abbey and Neath. [When the castle fell the following March, it was
found that Edward had left behind a list identifying all the items he had taken
from London, including 279 silver saucers, and £14,000 which was hidden in 27
barrels.]
11/16/1326, Hugh le Despenser with King Edward and others
captured at Llanstrisant, Glamorgan, Wales. [There is a supported theory that
Hugh at this time was holding the King captive.]
11/20/1326, Edward gave up the Great Seal to the Bishop of
Hereford.
By 12/5/1326, Edward imprisoned at
Kenilworth castle.
12/1326 at Wallingford castle, Queen Isabella and Roger kept
a “ryall Christmasse”.
1/7-13/1327, ‘Parliament’ [the legality of this conclave is
debated] deposed Edward II; Edward initially refusing their proposals.
1/13/1327, The lords mentioned came to the Guildhall, and in
the presence of the Mayor, Aldermen and a great Commonality to the oath to
safeguard Isabella, Queen of England, and Edward, eldest son of the king of
England and heir-apparent, in their cause against Hugh le Despenser the younger
and Master Robert de Baldock, … Earls: Thomas, earl Marshall, Edmund, earl of
Kent, John, earl of Hereford; John, earl of Warrene … (S) CPR&Ms.
1/20/1327, Edward abdicated in favor
of his son.
3/1327, There was an
attempt to rescue Edward II from Kenilworth castle.
4/2/1327, Thomas de
Berkeley and his brother-in-law John Mautravers (the younger, 5910508) received
charge of deposed King Edward II from Henry, earl of Lancaster. [Both had been
imprisoned in the Tower by Edward II.] Removed from Kenilworth, Edward was
taken to Berkeley castle. [Roger de Mortimer waited near Kenilworth with an
armed escort retinue.]
5/15/1327, Berkeley and Mautravers were given £500
for Edwards needs. [They were allocated £5 daily.]
6-7/1327, There was
a [possibly] successful, but short lived rescue of Edward II from Berkeley
castle. [Multiple attempts were supported by Welsh barons.]
7/27/1327, Berkeley
wrote a letter to the Chancellor saying ‘some people indicted ... for coming
towards the castle towards the castle of Berkeley with an armed force, for
having seized the father of our lord the king out of our keeping, and
feloniously robbing the castle.’
1327, Roger instigates
a plan to have Edward II murdered.
9/21/1327, Edward
murdered in Berkeley Castle, Gloucester,
England. William Beaukaire, a royal seargent-at-arms, was assigned to guard
King Edward’s body. Later joined by other watchers, initially William was the
only person who stayed near the body. [There is circumstantial evidence he
actually escaped.]
[––Isabella––]
10/21/1327, King Edward’s body was taken to Gloucester Abbey.
12/20/1327, Edward was buried. [For the first time in
history a wooden effigy was used for royalty, and barriers were placed around
the casket so no one could get close to the body.]
2/1/1328, Isabella’s brother King Charles IV of France died.
His wife later gave birth to a daughter. A 12-year-old law in France prevented
a daughter from succeeding, but did not disallow succession through a daughter
– thus setting up the claim to the throne of Edward III and the beginning of
the Hundred Years war.
3/17/1328, The Treaty of Northumberland recognized Scottish
independence.
4/1/1328 at Wodestok, Queen Isabella granted for life to
Reynaut de Belou, her yeoman, all the lands in Rue sur la mier which came to
her by forteiture of Henri de Botiller, … (S) CPRs, 5/9/1328.
6/1328, Roger and his lover Queen Isabella, stayed with
Roger’s wife Joan at Ludlow castle after the wedding of 2 of their daughters. [Roger
held a tournament for the celebration which involved him dressed as King
Arthur. King Edward III was given a role as Sir Lionel, knight of Arthur.]
9/14/1328 at Guildhall in London, Archbishop John Stratford
came out in opposition to Queen Isabella and her extravagences. [Learning that
Roger de Mortimer was plotting to have him killed, the Archbishop hid with the
nuns in Wilton Abbey.]
9/1329, Isabella made a will settling some of her properties
on Roger. [There is evidence that she was pregnant with a child of Roger.]
[––Edward II (again)––]
10/10/1329, William Melton received a letter from William
Kingsclere saying that Edward II was alive. [Documents support the story that
Edward had killed a sleeping porter, used the keys to escape the castle, and
spent a year and a half in Corfe castle. The porter’s body was buried in place
of Edward. Queen Isabella would have benefited from Edward being alive because
she could not then be held responsible for his death.]
Late/1329, Scot Donald, earl of Mar, promised to come to
England to release Edward from captivity.
6/1329, Edmund, earl of Kent, visited Pope John XXII to
discuss the ‘deliverance” of Edward II.
1/14/1330, Letter from William Melton, Archbishop of York,
to Mayor of London: “We have certain news of our liege lord Edward of
Caernarfon, that he is alive and in good health of body, in a safe place at his
own wish ... procure for us a loan of £200 in gold ... for the comfort of and
in secret, ... (multiple articles of clothing) ... come as soon as you can to
advise us ....” [The Archbishop also pledged as much as £5,000 to help the former king.
The gold would be helpful for traveling abroad.]
[3/1330, Edward left corfe castle for Ireland after hearing
of his half-brother Edmund’s execution.]
3/14/1330, Roger executed Edward II’s half-brother,
28-year-old Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of Kent. [This act by Queen Isabella and
Roger, execution of a King’s son, would quickly lead to their downfall.]
5/19/1330, Queen Isabella wrote to Archbishop Stratford,
starting with “Greetings and true love”, requesting money for Queen Philippa
[wife of Edward III] who was about to give birth.
11/1330 at Parliament, Thomas Berkeley, one of Edward II’s
keepers, was asked how he can defend himself from responsibility in the death
of Edward II (since his was ‘responsible’ for Edward II.) Thomas replied that
he had never heard of the death of Edward II until he had heard it at this
parliament. [The men actually convicted were never executed. Thomas had
apparently only been told of the king’s death, but did not actually know that
he had died.]
12/1/1330, Isabella surrended her
estates to her son.
12/21/1330, Isabella
was escorted from Berkhampstede to Windsor to spend Christmas with her son.
Isabella remained there for 3 months or more, sometime under the care of a
physician.
4/19/1331, Isabella spent Easter with the court at
Peterborough abbey.
7/11/1331, Edward
III granted his mother Isabella the castle and town of Hereford.
1/1332, Isabella wrote he son requesting money owed from 2
of her manors.
1332-37, Isabella took up residence at Castle Rising.
Isabella carpeted her rooms in black, but otherwise decorated them in bright
colors. She also had 8 ladies-in-waiting and 33 clerks to handle her affairs.
An avid reader, she had a library with books of Arthurian romances, as well as
astrology and alchemy.
1337, Queen Isabella’s yearly allowance raised to £4500; and
she was given permission to make her will; most items going to Edward of Woodstock,
her eldest grandchild.
6/1338, Queen Isabella with Edward
III at Pontefract.
9/1338, A man
calling himself “William the Welshman” met King Edward III near Koblenz in
Germany, spent some time with him then, and a further 3 weeks with him in Antwerp
in December. Edward III's Wardrobe accounts state: “William le Galeys who
asserts that he is the father of the present king” and “William Galeys who
calls himself king of England, father of the present king”. William Norwell,
keeper of the Wardrobe accounts, served Edward II from 1313 until the end of
his reign. [Additional note, Edward II, born in Wales, never gave up his title
of Prince of Wales to his son.]
11/13/1340, Queen Isabella with
Edward III at the Tower in London for his birthday.
12/1340, Queen Isabella in London to witness the transfer of
the great seal to the new Chancellor.
1/1344, Queen Isabella at Edward
III’s King’s Round Table feast at Windsor.
11/13/1344, Queen Isabella with Edward III at in Norwich for
his birthday.
9/22/1345, Queen Isabella attended the funeral of Henry,
Earl of Lancaster.
1348, King Philip VI of France suggested that Isabella and
Jeanne d'Évreux, the widow of Isabella's brother King Charles IV, act as
mediators between England and France in the hope of reaching a peace settlement
between the countries. [King Edward refused to involve Isabella.]
1349, The Black Death entered the
west countryside of England [likely entering through Bristol].
11/1349, The Black Death reached London where and estimated
30,000 died.
12/1354, Isabella spent Christmas at Berkhamstede with her
grandson the Black Prince.
1356, Queen Isabella ordered renovations to her palace of
Sheen.
10/1357-4/1358, Isabella visited by her relatives, and
captured King John II of France, her cousin; as recorded in her household book.
3/1358, Isabella became seriously ill.
1358, Queen Isabella spent £1400 on jewelry, almost half her
allotment.
6/13/1358-7/2/1358, Queen Isabella at Leeds castle, Kent,
with her daughter Queen Joan of Scotland.
Family notes:
·
In the 1330’s Manuele Fiesch, a papal notary,
distant cousin of Edward II, and future Bishop of Vercelli, wrote a letter to
King Edward III claiming that King Edward II had escaped in the fall of 1327,
spent time in Corfe castle in Dorset, and in Ireland, took a ship to northern
France, traveled on foot through France and eventually spent 2 weeks with Pope
John XXII at Avignon, about 15 miles from “Beaucaire” – similar to the name of
the guard of the Edward II’s body. Edward then went to the hermitage of Milasce
where he lived 2 years. Edward then lived at the hermitage of Cecima in the
diocese of Pavia for 2 years. [Fiesch said Edward II told him the information
himself. Some details of the letter are suspect, but may be errors in knowledge
or scribal errors. There are other details that very few persons other than
Edward II would know.]
Children of Edward and Isabella:
i. King Edward III
(1477424), born 11/13/1312 in England.
ii. Prince John of
Eltham, born 8/1316 in England.
7/19/1333, John fought at the Battle of Halidon
Hill.
9/14/1336, John, Earl of Cornwall, died of a fever at Perth
after leading a raid into Scotland.
iii. Princess
Eleanor, born 6/18/1318 at Woodstock in England.
6/16/1329, King Edward III proposed his sister Eleanor in
marriage to the eldest son of King Philip of France.
1330, Eleanor moved into the household of Queen Philippa,
her sister-in-law.
5/1332 at Nijmegen, Eleanor married Reginald II, Count of
Gelderland [died 1343.] Reginald sent a wild bear to Edward III as a gift.
1342, Reginald attempted to divorce Eleanor.
1343, Reginald died; Eleanor took the veil.
4/22/1355, Eleanor died; buried in Deventer abbey.
iv. Queen Joan, born
7/5/1321 at the Tower of London, England.
1328, Joan sent to Scotland to be married.
1329, Joan married to David II, King of the Scots
[1324–1371].
1362, Joan died.
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