47277568. King Henry II & 47277569. Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine & 189110370. King Louis VII Capet & 189110497. Queen Adela of Champagne & 94555167. Queen Constance of Castile & 39819293. Ida de Tony
1120, Louis Capet, “the Young”, born in France, 2nd
s/o 378220740. King Louis VI & 378220741. Adelaide of Maurienne.
1122, Eleanor born in Aquitaine, France, d/o 94555138.
Guillaume X & 94555139. Anor of
Chatellerault.
Louis le Juene educated in the cathedral school of
Notre-Dame, Paris. [Louis, not expecting to be the heir, was being raised for
service in the church.]
7/1129, Guillaume X granted privileges to the Abbey of
Montierneuf. Witnesses included his wife Anor, his son William, and his
daughter Eleanor.
Aft. 3/1130, Eleanor’s mother died.
10/13/1131, Louis became heir to his father on the
accidental death of his older brother Philip.
10/25/1131 at Reims, Louis became “rex designatus” in a
ceremony performed by Pope Innocent II.
3/5/1133, Henry born in Le Mans, France, s/o 94555136.
Geoffrey Plantagenet & 94555137. Empress Matilda.
10/28/1135 at Châteauneuf-sur-Loire, In ill health, Louis VI
transferred effective power to his son Louis VII.
4/19/1137, On the death of Guillaume X at 38 years old, 15-year-old
Eleanor became Duchess of Aquitaine. Her father had died in Spain on an Easter
Pilgrimage. His death was kept a secret because Eleanor, the elder of 2
daughters and the heir, would be a target for capture by Barons wishing to
garner her vast lands [equal in size to those of King Louis VI of France.] As a
vassal to the King, it was his right to approve any marriage; but if she were
captured she could be forced into a marriage.
[Eleanor and Petronilla were wards of the King in Bordeaux.]
1141, Constance born in Castile, Spain, d/o 189110312.
Emperor Alfonso VII of Spain & 189110313. Berenguela of Barcelona.
~1142, Adela born in Champagne, France, d/o 378220994.
Count Thibaut II of Champagne & 378220995. Matilda of Carinthia.
[–––King Louis VII &
Eleanor of Aquitaine –––]
6/1137, Louis was sent with the 500 most powerful knights
and officials of France to secure Eleanor and bring her to Paris.
7/22/1137 at Bordeaux in the church of St Andre’, Prince
Louis married Eleanor. [Eleanor was later to say she married a king, but wed a
monk.]
8/1137, King Louis
VI died while the couple were still in transit. They arrived in Paris as
King and Queen of France.
1139, Eleanor makes a gift of mills and houses to the
knights Templar from her hereditary possessions.
12/28/1140, I Eleanor, queen of the Franks, and daughter of
William duke of Aquitaine, have granted and confirmed by this stamp the gift as
the king my husband granted it to the church of Blessed Mary of Saintes, to be
held in perpetuity by St. Mary and Agnes, my aunt, abbess of that place.
1141, King Louis claims the fief of Toulouse in right of his
wife.
1141, Louis lost his dispute over who would become the next
archbishop of Bourges to Pope Innocent II.
1142, King Louis excommunicated for approving the marriage
of Count Raoul of Vermandois [who put away his wife, Eleanor, sister of Count
Thibaut II of Champagne] by Pope Innocent II.
1142, King Louis VII in a war with Count Thibaut II of
Champagne, who had the legal and moral high ground over the divorce.
5/1142, Louis VII led an army to the county of Toulouse,
which Eleanor claimed in right of her grandmother, hacked off the hands of
non-supporting vassals, and established a commune in her capital of Poitiers.
1/1143, Louis VII personally led the assault on the town of
Vitry-sur-Marne, where more than a thousand people died in the fires.
1143, Bernard of Clairvaux mediated an agreement between
King Louis and Count Thibaut II of Champagne.
6/11/1144, Near Paris, Louis & Eleanor attended the
rededication of the royal abbey of St. Denis, patron saint of France.
1145, Princess Marie born to Louis & Eleanor. They
assembled their Christmas court at Bourges. Louis proposed a crusade [initially
not well received] based on information from a relative of Eleanor.
12/25/1145 at Bourges, King Louis declared his intention to
go on crusade.
3/31/1146 at Vezelay, Both Louis & Eleanor “took up the
cross”. Eleanor pledged “her thousands of vassals” from Poitou and Aquitaine.
Organizing a crusade took tremendous effort and hugh sums of money. Eleanor and
other ladies of nobility dressed as Amazons [Eleanor as Queen Panthesilea] and
rode the country side recruiting support.
6/11/1147, King Louis [having spent time in a leper colony
in preparation], and in the presence of Pope Eugenius III before the altar at
St. Denis, was given the prilgrims scrip and received the oriflamme.
6/1147, Eleanor accompanied Louis VII on his crusade, joined
by the forces of Conrad III, Holy Roman Emperor [of Germany] at Worms. However,
the 2 groups were separated at Byzantium, the Germans preceding the French. The
Germans were ambushed by Turks [probably with help from the Greeks] at
Dorylaeum and suffered great losses.
12/25/1147, On Christmas day on the coast of modern-day
Turkey, encamped by a river, a tremendous storm washed away much of the
supplies of the French.
1/4/1148, The crusaders fought in a
battle at Laodicea against the Turks.
1/7/1148 in the area of Mount Cadmus, at night, Eleanor’s
entourage did not like where they were assigned to camp, and moved to another
spot leaving a gap in the defenses. King Louis was in the rear guard which was
surrounded and attacked. Louis himself is said to have slain an incredible
number to Turks, but the French suffered many losses. Eleanor lost her prestige
among the French and was severely chastized.
1/20/1148, After additional battles, the crusaders reached
Atalya. Louis decided to return to his water route. There was not enough money
for ships for everyone, and he left 7000 infantry. [A plague killed many of the
7000, and those not killed by the Turks joined their ranks against the Greeks
and helped take Satalia. Nothing else is known of their destiny.]
3/19/1148, The crusaders reached Antioch, who’s ruler was
Raymond of Antioch, uncle of Queen Eleanor.
1148, Queen Eleanor met the Sultan Saladin at a tournament
at Antioch. [The source of many romantic stories.]
6/24/1148 at Acre, at a High Court of Jerusalem, King Louis,
Emperor Conrad III, and Baldwin, King of Jerusalem met. The Council decided
that the best move in defense of the holy lands would be to retake Damascus.
1148, At Damascus, due to heat, lack of water, and
disagreements on plans, the seige failed after 4 days. Louis, sending most of
the forces back, decided to stay to celebrate Easter in Jerusalem.
5/1149, Louis & Eleanor returned to Acre together, but
left there by separate boats. Eleanor was captured by Greek pirates, but
recaptured by Louis with the help of Sicilian boats.
7/1149, Louis reached Calabria [and then met Eleanor at Palermo.
Pope Eugenius encouraged them to travel together to try to save their
marriage.]
11/1149, Louis and Eleanor arrived back in Paris.
1150, Eleanor gave birth to their 2nd child,
Princess Alix. After 13 years, she had provided no male heir.
1151, Louis attended the funeral of his friend and
councellor Sugere.
8/1151, At Paris, a peace agreement was made between Henry
II and Louis in which Henry did homage to Louis, giving up the Vexin for being
recognized as the Duke of Normandy. (S) Henry II, Warren, 1977, P42.
9/1151, Louis & Eleanor made their last trip together
through Aquitane, leaving Eleanor in Poitiers in early 1152. [This trip was
likely for Louis to establish control of key assessts in her domain.]
By 12/1151, Louis had withdrawn his garrisons from
Aquitaine.
4/1152, Near Blois, Eleanor and her escorts were attacked by
16 year old Geoffrey of Anjou [future King Henry II’s brother.] Avoiding
capture Eleanor decided to cross the Loire river near Tours. However, she was
warned that Thibaut of Blois, 2nd s/o the Count of Champagne was
waiting there to capture her; so she proceeded by another route.
5/18/1152 in Poitiers Cathedral, Henry, Duke of Normandy and
Count of Anjou, age 19, married Eleanor, age 30, without King Louis’ consent.
6/1152, Louis launched an attack across the Norman frontier.
King Henry then counter-attacked the Vexin. Louis soon fell ill and agreed to a
truce. (S) Henry II, Warren, 1977, P45-48.
4/1153, Louis repudiated the truce agreement with King
Henry, planning an offensive for the spring.
1154, Louis made new attacks on Normandy. (S) Henry II,
Warren, 1977, P64.
[–––King Louis VII &
Constance –––]
1154 at Orleans, King Louis married Constance. [2 daughters,
Marguerite married Eleanor’s son Young King Henry.]
10/1154, Because of rumors that Constance was not
legitimate, Louis traveled to Castile under the pretext of a pilgrimage to
Saint Jacques, Gallicia. Alfonso met Louis at Burgos and established the
legitimacy of his daughter.
10/1154, King Stephen of England died.
12/19/1154 at
Westminster, Henry, age 21, crowned King Henry II of England and Eleanor, age
32, crowned Queen.
1155 at the Council of Soissons, Louis granted a charter to
the town of Lorris limiting taxes and protecting them from tolls. Travelers to
markets and fairs could not be arrested except for something done that day.
Corvée labor was limited to twice a year as wine needed to be carried to
Orleans. Prisoners were allowed bail; and burghers could sell their own
property.
2/5/1156, At the border of Normandy, King Henry II did
homage to Louis for Normandy, Anjou and Aquitaine. (S) Western Warfare, France,
1999, P48.
2/1157 at Orleans, At the court of King Louis, King Henry is
recognized as having custody of the abbey of St. Julian at Tours as Comte of
Anjou and Seneschal of France.
1157, King Louis moved an army towards Dijon to meet with
Frederick Barbarossa, who was in Burgundy. [The meeting never took place, but
their individual emissaries did meet.]
1158, Archbishop Thomas Becket visited the royal family in
Paris with 250 “choristers” singing English songs.
11/25/1158, King Henry and King Louis made a joint
pilgrimage to Mont-St-Michel and attended a mass of Robert of Torigny. Both
kings then travel to Avranches, Bayeux, Caen, Rouen, Evreux, Neufbourg, and
finally Bec.
9/1159, Henry, with the support of Malcolm IV of Scotland,
attacked Toulouse, which Henry claimed by right of his wife. King Louis VII
intervened to defend his sister Constance, wife of Count Raymond V of Toulouse.
10/4/1160, King Louis’ wife Constance died in childbirth; leaving
no male hiers for Louis; buried in the Basilica of Saint Denis, Paris.
5/1160, By a peace agreement at Chinon, negotiated by Pope
Alexander III, King Louis recognized King Henry’s rights over Normandy and
Aquitaine.
[–––King Louis VII &
Adela of Champagne –––]
11/1160, King Louis married Adela of Champagne. [Adela the
sister of the 2 brothers married to Louis’ daughters by Eleanor.]
1161, Henry, count of Champagne, witnessed the peace treaty
between the kings of England and France, as negotiated by Pope Alexander III.
1162, A letter from Pope Alexander III urges Queen Adela to
remain devoted to the papacy and to influence the king to do the same.
[Alexander also wrote a separate letter to Louis.]
1163, Louis defended the canons of Clermont and Le Puy.
1163-4, Constance, Countess of Toulouse and sister of Louis,
asks for the release of hostages taken from viscount Raymond Trencavel, who had
supported Henry II against Louis and the count of Toulouse.
1164, King Louis received archbishop Thomas Becket at his
court. Thomas had fled England after King Henry had condemned him and
confiscated his goods.
12/31/1164, King Louis, with his steward Comte Theobald of
Blois, attended the mass of Pope Alexander in the church of St. Columba at
Sens.
Aft. 8/21/1165, King Louis wrote to Bishop Arnulf of Lisieux
on the birth of his 1st son: “An ardent desire that God would give
us progeny of the better sex inflamed us, for we had been terrified by a
multitude of daughters.” (S) Queens and Queenship, Duggan, 2002, P153.
1166, Louis confiscated the territory of the Count of
Chalon.
4/1167, King Henry II marched an army into Auvergne, where
he claimed several lordships. (S) Walled Towns and the Shaping of France,
Wolfe, 2009, P23.
4/1167, King Louis, in support of his Suzerain, Comte
William of Auvergne, attacked Normandy, pillaging the Vexin frontier for 4
days.
1168-9, Adela wrote a letter to Pope Alexander III for her
husband, in support of Thomas Becket, whom the pope had committed to Louis’
protection during his exile after his jurisdictional disputes with the king of
England, and whose life Louis fears is in danger.
1169, Richard, s/o King Henry II did homage to King Louis
for Poitou.
11/16/1169, Conference of St. Denys between King Louis VII
of France and King Henry of England dealing with Raymond, comte of Toulouse,
whose fief was claimed by Prince Richard of England.
7/2/1170, King Louis, with the support of Guy, come of
Nivernois, destroy the castle of Donzi, its lord in rebellion.
7/22/1170 at Freteval, King Louis along with multiple
archbishops and bishops are at a meeting between King Henry of England and
Archbishop Thomas Becket; King Henry refusing to give ‘the Kiss of Peace.’
11/25/1170, King Henry, marching eastward arrives at
Bourges, the capital of Berri, and finds King Louis with his army arrayed for
battle. [King Henry was claiming Berri as an appendage of Guienne. The 2 kings
agreed to a truce.]
1171, Louis began an implentation of the “peers of the
realm” concept of Charlemagne.
11/7/1172, Young King Henry of England and his Queen visit
her father King Louis. [King Henry the Young had rebelled against his father
and sought refuge with King Louis in Paris.]
1173, King Louis called a national assembly in support of
the rebellion of King Henry II’s sons.
7/22/1174, King Louis with Philip, comte of Flanders; Hugh,
duke of Burgundy; Theobald, comte of Blois; and Henry, comte of Champagne, laid
siege to Rouen.
10/11/1174, Louis VII, stopped supporting King Henry’s sons,
effectively ending their rebellion.
1175, King Louis granted charters to southern towns
including Berry.
1176, King louis appointed John of Salisbury [an Englishman
who was present at the murder of archbishop Becket] as Bishop of Chartres. (S)
The Angevin Empire, Ramsay, 1903, P523.
1177, The Pope brought Louis VII and Henry II to terms by
the treaty of Vitry. Both agreed to never protect the other’s enemy.
8/23/1179, Louis arrived in England to visit the tomb of
Archbishop Thomas Becket in hopes of regaining his health. While on the trip,
Louis was stricken with paralysis. Queen Adela became more involved in the
everyday affairs of the crown. [Louis only stayed 3 days.]
11/1/1179, Louis’ son by Adela, Philip II Augustus, crowned
King at Reims [the last to be crowned in the Capetian tradition of “rex
designatius”.] King Henry’s sons Henry, Richard and Geoffrey attended.
4/16/1180, King Henry II, knowing of the impending marriage
of Adela’s son Philip to a Fleming, met with Adela and her brother Theobald of
Blois and exchanged oaths of allegiance and hostages. (S) Henry II, Hosler,
2007, P82.
4/28/1180 at Bapeaume, Philip married Isabelle, who brought
the county of Artois as dowery.
1180, Queen mother Adela, unhappy with the marriage of her
son to the detriment of her family, began fortifying the castles in her lands.
Acting as King [his father very ill], Philip confiscated Adela’s dower lands
and was in conflict with her Champagnois relations. Adela took refuge with her
brother Theobald of Blois [who had been a seneschal to King Louis in 1178.]
6/28/1180 at Gisors, King Henry II, making peace with
Philip, arbitrated an agreement between Adela and her son over her salary
during her regency. Henry received the homage of Philip of Flanders, and Adela
was to receive a daily pension of £7 “paris”, and restoration of her dower
lands upon the death of Louis.
9/18/1180, King Louis died; buried in Saint Denis Basilica
in northern Paris; his son, previously crowned, immediately became king.
[–––Adela of Champagne –––]
1181, Queen Adela of France, Countess Marie, regent of
Champagne, Baldwin V, count of Hainaut, and Count Philip of Flanders came to
Provens in Champagne and renewed previous marriage pacts. (S) Chronicle of
Hainaut, Napran, 2005, P76.
1184, Queen Adela, step-mother of Marie, visited Marie,
regent of Champagne, at her court. (S) Queens in Stone and Silver, Nolan, 2009,
P102.
1190, Queen Adela became regent for her son who had departed
on crusade with his wife. (S) Women, Crusading and the Holy Land, Hodgson,
2007, P176.
1191, Queen Adela, regent for her son Philip Augustus while
he was on crusade in the holy land, writes to Pope Celestine III asking him to
defer a decision about the church of Tours until the king’s return.
11/1191, Philip returned from crusade, ending Adela’s
regency.
1193, Adela pledged special protection for merchants who
came to attend the “leprosarium” fair at Chartres [the lepers were exempted
from paying taxes and given advantageous purchasing rates.] (S) Difference and
Identity in Francia, Cohen, 2010, P153.
1194, Queen Adela again visited Champagne.
1196, Adela attached her seal to a document for the abbey of
Saint-Victor in Paris. (S) Queens in Stone and Silver, Nolan, 2009, P92. [She
is wearing a tightly laced “bliaud girone” with ling sleeve cuffs.]
7/1/1199 at Chartres, Comte Thibaut of Champagne (47277592)
married Blanche of Navarre (47277593). Thibaut invoked a parliament at Chartres
to assess the dowry of Blanche. The kings of both England (King John, 23638784)
and France (King Philip Augustus, 94555248) attended; as well as Adela (189110497),
dowager Queen of France, and Berengeria, sister of Blanche (widow of King
Richard I of England). (S) King John, Church, 2003, P188.
4/24/1204, Adela, by a letter from Pope Innocent III,
guaranteed her right to be buried at the monastery of Pontigny.
1206, Adela died in Paris; buried in Pontigny abbey, Burgundy,
beside her father.
1142-43, A young Henry lived in Bristol, being educated, and
trained in combat by his uncle, Earl Robert.
1144, Henry returned to his father in Normandy.
1147, Henry’s father left on crusade [not to return until
1149.]
1147, Henry, age 14, invaded England with a small force and
attempted to take Purton castle. Deserted by his mercenaries, King Stephen paid
for his return trip to Normandy.
1147, ‘Henricus ducis Normannorum et comitis Andegavorum
filius’ confirmed the rights of the abbey of Saint-Oue. (S) FMG.
6/1148, Henry’s mother returned to Normandy and wrote to
Henry about taking over the fight for the crown of England.
6/1149, Henry returned to England, and took control of
Devizes castle with the permission of the bishop.
1149 at Carlisle, Henry knighted by his grand uncle, Kind
David I of Scotland. Henry captured the harbour of Bridport before returning to
Normandy.
1150, Duke Geoffrey gave the duchy of Normandy to his son
Henry.
1150-1, Duke Henry granted a charter to the citizens of
Rouen. (S) Conquered England, Garnett, 2007, P227.
8/1151, Count Geoffrey Plantangenet of Anjou and his 18 year
old son Henry arrived in Paris to pay homage to their King returning from the
crusades, to get formal approval of Henry as Duke of Aquitane, and to accuse a
favorite of the King of “depredations” against him. Some arrangement was made
because all charges against the King’s favorite were dropped.
9/7/1151, Geoffrey died; having previously ceded Normandy to
his son Henry.
[–––King Henry II &
Eleanor of Aquitaine –––]
5/18/1152 in Poitiers Cathedral, Henry, Duke of Normandy and
Count of Anjou, age 19, married Eleanor, age 30, without King Louis’ consent.
Henry’s acquired lands in south and west France now overshadowed the French
King’s in the north. [They also had to have dispensation since she was more
closely related to Henry than Louis.] They had never met before Henry’s arrival
in Poitiers – this was a marriage of politics and power – and led to many
future battles over control of southern France.
1/1153, Henry landed in England with 140 knights and 3,000
infantry in 36 ships. Supported by the Earl of Chester, he captured Malmesbury
and relieved Wallingford where King Stephen’s men held the north bank of the
Thames. [Henry’s mother and Stephen had been conducting a civil war in England
for many years.]
Winter/1153, with Henry and Stephen’s forces facing each
other in snow and cold, a peace agreement was made.
8/17/1153 in France, Eleanor gave birth to their 1st
son Guillaume [William].
8/1153, King Stephen’s son and heir Eustace died while
dining on eel.
11/6/1153, Signed at Westminster, by the Treaty of
Wallingford, Henry recognized by his cousin King Stephen of England as his
heir. Stephen was to reign without dispute until his death.
4/1154, Henry returned to Normandy.
10/1154, King Stephen of England died.
12/7/1154, After hasty preparations, Henry crossed the
English channel when no one else would have considered crossing. Duchess
Alianora, and his brothers Geoffrey [died 1158] and William [died 1164] were
with him. [In 1120 the famous loss of the White Ship in the channel in winter
had caused the loss of King Henry I’s heir & many noble family members.]
12/19/1154 at
Westminster, Henry, age 21, crowned King Henry II of England and Eleanor, age
32, crowned Queen. Early legal reforms included the foundation of
“common law”, establishing royal courts with precedence over baronial courts.
Henry also expelled King Stephens Flemish mercenaries. Henry named his friend
Thomas Becket as Chancellor of England.
2/28/1155 in London, Queen Eleanor gave birth to son Henry.
3/27/1155 at London, Queen Eleanor attested 2 charters to
the Canons of the Holy Trinity, London.
7/1155, After attempting to fortify castles at Bridgnorth,
Wigmore, and Cleobury, Hugh Mortimer surrendered to Henry’s forces.
9/29/1155, At Great Council at Winchester, where King Henry
proposed to conquer Ireland and give it to his brother William. Empress Matilda
was present and opposed the plan.
1/1156, Henry, on his 1st trip to the continent
as king, captured the Plantagenent family castle of Mirebeau in Anjou from his
brother Geoffrey. Queen Eleanor, pregnant, remained in England and produced
royal writs over the next 6 months.
2/5/1156 on the border of France and Normandy, King Henry
made peace with King Louis and was restored his Norman lands previously
declared forfeit by King Louis. [Normandy, Anjou, Touraine, Maine and
Aquitaine.]
6/1156, Queen Eleanor gave birth to her daughter Matilda.
7/1156, Queen Eleanor crossed to Normady with her children.
8/29/1156 at Saumur, Anjou, Queen Eleanor with King Henry
meets with the abbot of Battle.
10/1156, At the request of Queen Eleanor, King Henry sent a
force to occupy Thouars.
2/1157 at Orleans, At the court of King Louis, King Henry is
recognized as having custody of the abbey of St. Julian at Tours as Comte of
Anjou and Seneschal of France.
2/1157, Queen Eleanor and her children return to England,
landing at Southampton, then proceeding to London.
1157, Henry reaquired Cumberland, Westmorland, and Northumberland
from King Malcom IV of Scotland, age 16.
7/17/1157, At the Council of Northampton, King Henry decided
to invade Wales against Owain.
7/1157, King Henry II invaded Gwynedd; where his was nearly
killed by the forces of Owain at the Battle of Ewloe. Eustace fitz John,
constable of Chester, and Robert de Courcy were slain.
9/8/1157 at
Oxford, Queen Eleanor gave birth to son Richard “Coeur-de-Lion”. He was
designated by Eleanor as her heir of Poitou and Aquitaine.
By 1158, Henry revised the English Exchecquer and enforced
superiority of royal courts over feudal courts.
4/1158, King Henry and Queen Eleanor crowned at Worcester.
8/1158, By the Treaty of Gisors, 3-year-old heir Henry was
contracted to marry infant Marguerite, d/o King Louis VII, Eleanor’s 1st
husband. Son Richard was pledged to Alys, sister of Marguerite. King Louis VII appointed
King Henry as Seneschal of France to pacify rebelling barons.
9/1158 at Westminster, Robert, earl of Leciester, was the
only witness to a Writ of the Queen, acting as Viceroy, to the military tenants
of Malmesbury abbey.
9/23/1158, Queen
Eleanor gave birth to son Geoffrey, subsequently designated Count of
Brittany.
10/1158, King Henry captures Thouars in 3 days. Then he
meets King Louis, as the Seneschal of France, at Le Mans.
11/20/1158, Alianore, Queen of England, Duchess of Aquitaine
and Normandy, and Countess of Anjou, at Salisbury, gives a precept in behalf of
Matilda, dowager Countess of Chester.
11/25/1158, King Henry and King Louis made a joint pilgrimage
to Mont-St-Michel and attended a mass of Robert of Torigny. Both kings then
travel to Avranches, Bayeux, Caen, Rouen, Evreux, Neufbourg, and finally Bec.
12/25/1158, King Henry and Queen Eleanor celebrated
Christmas at Cherbourg in Normandy.
9/1159, Henry, with the support of Malcolm IV of Scotland,
attacked Toulouse, which Henry claimed by right of his wife. King Louis VII
intervened to defend his sister Constance, wife of Count Raymond V of Toulouse.
Henry did not challenge his overlord, but Thomas Becket, with his 700 knights,
counciled Henry to press his right. Henry acquired Quercy which he assigned to
Thomas Becket.
12/25/1159, King Henry and Queen Eleanor celebrated
Christmas at Falaise in Normandy.
12/31/1159, Queen Eleanor returns to England.
5/1160, By a peace agreement at Chinon, negotiated by Pope
Alexander III, King Louis recognized King Henry’s rights over Normandy and
Aquitaine.
9/1160, Queen Eleanor with Prince Henry and Princess Matilda
cross to Normandy.
12/25/1160, King Henry and Queen Eleanor celebrated
Christmas at Le Mans in Normandy.
1161, King Henry, in France, puts his own lieutenants in the
castles of Comto of Mellent and other Norman barons; strenghtens Gisors and
other border castles; and builds a palace and park near Rouen.
12/25/1161, King Henry and Queen Eleanor celebrated
Christmas at Bayeux in Normandy.
1162, Henry appointed Thomas Becket as Archbishop of
Cantebury.
9/1162, King Henry and Queen Eleanor attempt a crossing to
England from Barfleur, but the winds are contrary.
10/13/1162 at Domfort, Queen Eleanor gave birth to daughter
Eleanor.
12/25/1162, The royal couple spend Christmas at Cherbourgh.
1/25/1163, King Henry and Queen Eleanor land at Southampton.
Queen Eleanor went to Hampshire after arriving, then to Wiltshire. [Queen
Eleanor appears to have spent the first 6 months in this area.]
1163, Henry demanded that clerics convicted of crimes in
ecclesiastical courts be sentenced by secular authorities; but Archbishop
Becket complained that God did not judge a man twice for the same offense.
4/1163, Henry marched into south Wales to capture Prince
Rhys of Deheubarth who had seized the royal castle at Llandovery.
7/1163, Henry affirmed Overlord of Wales by King Owain
Gwynedd.
12/25/1163, Queen Eleanor at King Henry’s Christmas court at
Berchamstede.
1/1164, By the Constitutions of Clarendon, Henry tried to
subordinate the church courts and came into conflict with archbishop Thomas Becket.
[Much of King Henry’s time this year is dedicated to issues with the Pope and
Becket.]
2/1165, Queen Eleanor and her younger children resident at
Winchester [for 2-3 months], during which time the Queen visited the Isle of
Wight and Sherborne castle, Dorset. [Young Henry was no longer a member of the
Queen’s household.]
4/1165, The Archbishop of Cologne visited Queen Eleanor
[having passed through London and Abingdon.]
4/11/1165, King Henry met King Louis at Gisors.
1165, Queen Eleanor with Prince Richard and Princess Matilda
joined the King in Normandy [likely Argentan.]
5/15/1165, King Henry left Queen Eleanor at Angers as regent
of Maine and Anjou when he returned to England. [Eleanor would have trouble
from William Talvas, comte of Seez; and John, son of Guy of Ponthieu.]
5-6/1165, Henry on campaign in Bredelais [Flintshire], on
the border of England and Wales, to go against Rese ap Griffith. Floods and
hunger forced Henry to withdraw.
1165, Henry instituted trial by a 12-man jury; and
authorized sheriffs to pursue felons on baronial lands.
[About this time Henry started the affair with young
Rosamond Clifford, d/o Walter de Clifford of Bredelais. While all nobles had
mistresses, this one was publicly flaunted by Henry, and thus hated by
Eleanor.]
8/1165, King Henry I invaded Gwynedd again. The battle of
Crogen was a defeat for King Henry against much smaller Welsh forces. The
weather finally drove Henry’s forces back to England. Back in England, King
Henry II ordered 22 Welsh hostages blinded and mutilated. In south Powys, Rhys
ap Gruffydd retaliated by killing all Normans in his territory.
9/1165, King Henry arrived back in London, and then went to
Woodstock, then Clarendon.
10/1165 in Angers, Normandy, Queen Eleanor gave birth to
daughter Joanna.
3/1166, King Henry left England from Southampton [and was
accompanied by the King of the Scots.] Queen Eleanor joine the King. Henry proceeded
to reduce 2 castles of barons rebelling against Queen Eleanor.
7/1166, King Henry captured Fougeres.
9/1166, Siblings Richard, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleanor and
Johanna are with their mother the Queen at Angers where she is acting as regent
of Maine and Anjou.
10/1266, Queen Eleanor, pregnant, returned to England with
Princess Matilda.
12/25/1266, King Henry held his Christmas court at Poitiers
with his son Henry.
12/26/1266, at Oxford in England, Queen Eleanor gave birth
to son John.
4/1167, King Henry invaded Auvergne; King Louis retaliated
by raiding the Vexin. Henry then burned the French arsenal at
Chaumont-sur-Epte, and Louis sacked Andely. (S) Walled Towns and the Shaping of
France, Wolfe, 2009, P23.
1167, A gift of ‘100 marks of gold to the king and one to
the queen’ made to King Henry. [Possibly associated with the envoys from the
Duke of Saxony arriving to retrieve Princess Matida for her marriage.]
8/1167, A truce was declared between Henry and Louis.
9/1167, Queen Eleanor accompanied her daughter Matilda,
going to Saxony, to Dover [and possibly to Normandy.]
12/1167, At the royal palace in Argentan, Normandy, Eleanor
told Henry she wanted to return home to Aquitaine. Henry escorted her and 60
women in her entourage to Poitiers.
1/1168, King Henry suppressed a rebellion in Poitou and
Guienne, capturing the castle of Lusignan.
2/1168,
Queen Eleanor, age 45, sent by King Henry with son Richard to govern her home
of Aquitaine. Henry’s older sons remained with him. John was sent to Fontevraud
abbey where he was raised by nuns, along with his sister Joan who was born just
before John.
3/27/1168, Eleanor was traveling north towards Poitiers
under the guard of Patrick, Earl of Salisbury and his soldiers, which inlcuded
William Marshall. They were ambush by Guy of Lusignan s/o Hugh who had recently
been dispossed by King Henry. Patrick was killed and William captured. Eleanor,
execellent with a horse, escaped because William in her behalf had fought “like
a wild boar against dogs”. Though injured, William survived and was ransomed by
the Queen and royally rewarded for his valiant effort. (S) King John, Morris,
2015, P21.
6/1168, King Henry attacks Dinan, St. Malo, Little Brittany
and Leon.
12/1168, Eleanor was still in Aquitaine with son Richard,
age 11.
1/1169 at Montmirail, France, Henry [with the agreement of
King Louis] assigned his sons their respective inheritances in France: Henry
the Young was given Maine and Anjou. Richard’s lands of Poitou and Aquitaine
were reconfirmed; and he was given in contract of marriage King Louis’ 9 year
old daughter Alais Capet [sister of Young Henry’s consort.] Geoffrey was given
Brittany in homage to his brother Henry, and was given as consort the Countess
Constance [already a hostage of Henry.] The youngest son John was assigned no
lands – thus his moniker “Lackland”.
4/1169, King Henry requested that King Louis to expel
archbishop Becket, “that Traitor, Thomas, mine enemy”, from France [refused.]
11/16/1169, Conference of St. Denys between King Louis VII
of France and King Henry of England dealing with Raymond, comte of Toulouse,
whose fief was claimed by Prince Richard of England. King Henry agreed to send
Prince Richard to be educated in the French court.
3/3/1170, King Henry returns to England after an absence of
4 years.
1170, Eleanor established her own separate court at
Poitiers, France; which became a center of culture, emphasizing spectacle and
courtesy over brute force.
1170, Eleanor at court in Bourdeaux when an embassay arrived
to request the marriage of her daughter Eleanor to Alfonso of Castile – which
she accepted. King Henry gave the province of Gascony as her dower.
5/1170, Queen Eleanor and her son Prince Richard visited in
Limoges where they laid foundation stones for the monastery of St. Augustine.
6/5/1170, Queen Eleanor authorized the detention at Caen of
Roger, bishop of Worcester, who was going to London with letters from the Pope.
[Touching the coronation of her son Henry. The Bishop of Nevers had also been
refused passage.]
6/14/1170, King Henry had his 15 year old son Henry crowned
King [thus the name Henry the Young King. A Capetian tradition in France, this
was not done in England. Both Queen Eleanor’s encouragement and Henry’s rivalry
with Archbishop Thomas Becket likely were involved in his decision.]
7/22/1170 at Freteval, King Louis along with multiple
archbishops and bishops are at a meeting between King Henry of England and
Archbishop Thomas Becket; King Henry refusing to give ‘the Kiss of Peace.’
12/29/1170, Henry complicit in the murder of Thomas Becket,
Archbishop of Cantebury by some of Henry’s knights. Pope Alexander prohibited
Henry from entering a church until his guilt was absolved.
9/1171, Henry again invades Wales and visits Pembrokeshire.
10/1171, After the English Pope Adrian granted Ireland to
King Henry, Henry landed at Waterford with 400 knights, 4000 men-at-arms, and
400 ships.
11/1171, King Henry held court at Dublin. Cork king Dermot
MacCarthy of Desmond and O’Brien of Thomond did homage and gave hostages. At
Cashel bishops swore fealty to Henry and agreed to conform usage to the English
Church. Henry had a royal palace built in Dublin. Henry granted Hugh de Lacey
the kingdom of Meath and left him as justiciar of Ireland and constable in
Dublin. [The English domination of Ireland began.] (S) Archaeologia Cambrensis,
1859, P89.
12/1171, Queen Eleanor held a Christmas court in Aquitaine.
1172, Queen Eleanor issued 3 charters “to her own faithful
followers.”
4/17/1172, King Henry sailed from Wexford for South Wales.
1172, Back in England, King Henry named Rhys ap Gruffydd his
Justice of South Wales.
5/1172 at Avranches [France], King Henry absolved of the
murder of archbishop Becket after he swears that he will abolish all unlawful
customs established during his reign, and other concessions.
6/1172, Queen Eleanor of England, in Aquitaine, received
diplomatic visits from King Alfonso of Aragon, and King Sancho of Navarre.
12/1172, King Henry held a Christmas court at Chinon, attended
by Queen Eleanor [who he had not seen in two years.]
2/21/1173, Henry and Eleanor held court at Montferrand in
Auvergne which was attended by many of the monarchs of Europe. King Henry proposed
giving Chinon, Mirabeau and Loudon to Prince John, which was strongly opposed
by Henry the young King.
1173, Eleanor was captured trying to flee to Paris disguised
as a man.
7/1173, King Henry summoned the barons of Brittany to give
the oath of fealty. Ralph de Fourgeres (79959024) refused to attend, and began
to rebuild the castle of Fourgeres, which King Henry had previousy destroyed.
King Henry sent men to lay waste to Ralph’s lands. Ralph defeated the forces,
burning down Henry’s castles of St. James and Tilleul. While in the field, King
Henry attacked Fourgeres and took Ralph’s treasury and chattles. Ralph,
supported by the Earl of Chester (39979010), then took possession of King
Henry’s castle of Combourg and his city of Dol. After another losing conflict,
Ralph and the Earl with 60 knights took refuge in the tower at Dol. (S)
Chronicles of Robert de Monte, Torigni, 1856, P119.
8/26/1173, The besieged forces at Dol surrendered.
1174, Henry organized a large festival at Beaucaire in an
attempt to bring a reconciliation between King Alfonso II of Aragon and Count
Raymond V of Toulouse. (S) An Illustrated History of Arms and Armour, Demmin,
1877, P52.
5/1174, Henry went to Poitiers where he disassembled the
court of Eleanor taking her treasures back to England. He also seized the
children of the royal academy which included the head mistress – his daughter
Eleanor, his son John and daughter Joanna, King Louis’ daughters Marguerite
[wed to his son Henry] and Alix, Constance of Brittany, Emma of Anjou, and many
others. Eleanor was taken to Olad Sarum castle.
6/13/1174, King Henry the younger, allied with King William
the Lion of Scotland, were routed while besieging Alnwick castle by forces of
Henry II. King William was captured and sent to prison in Normandy.
7/8/1174, Queen Eleanor imprisoned at Wiltshire; Robert
Mauduit her gaoler.
7/12/1174, Henry submitted to a penitential flogging by
monks at Becket’s tomb in Cantebury.
8/1174, Henry named Overlord of Scotland by the Treaty of
Falaise.
9/1174, Henry broke Louis’ siege of Rouen, Normandy.
10/11/1174, Louis VII stopped supporting Henry’s sons,
effectively ending their rebellion.
2/2/1175, At Le Mans, King Henry’s sons Henry, Richard, and
Geoffrey renew their oaths of fealty to their father.
5/8/1175, King Henry and son Prince Henry return to England.
6/1/1175, King Henry began “Misericordia Regis pro foresta”,
prosecution of the abbetors of the rebellion of his sons.
10/6/1175, Henry named Overlord of Ireland by the Treaty of
Windsor.
10/1175, King Henry sent envoys to the pope to obtain a
divorce from Queen Eleanor.
1/24/1176, At the Great Council at Northampton, King Henry
divided his kingdom into 6 circuits with 3 justiciars in each circuit.
1176, Queen Eleanor imprisoned at Winchester, still in the
custody of Robert Mauduit.
1176, King Henry said “In one part of the island [of
Britain] there is a race of people called the Welsh who are so brave and
untamed that, though unarmed themselves, they do not hesitate to do battle with
fully armed opponents.”
3/15/1177 in London, King Henry arbitrated a border dispute
between Castile and Navarre through emissaries of each king.
1177, Rosamond, mistress of Henry, died at Godstow Priory,
near Oxford.
9/25/1177, The Pope brought Louis VII and Henry II to terms
by the treaty of Vitry.
7/18/1178, King Henry visited archbishop Becket’s shrine at
Canterbury.
8/6/1178, King Henry knights Prince Geoffrey at Woodstock.
4/10/1179, King Henry divides his kingdom into 4 circuits
with justices in each.
4/16/1180, On landing in Normandy, the Queen of France and
Comte Theobald of Blois solicit aid against King Philip.
9/29/1180, King Henry and King Philip meet near Gisors to
confirm a treaty negotiated the previous June.
1180, Queen Eleanor imprisoned at Wiltshire: charges of £121
15s 8d accounted to her.
4/27/1181, King Henry and King Philip meet at the Ford of
St. Remigy near Nonancourt. The kings promise to assist Pope Alexander in his
crusade.
7/1181 at Gisors, King Henry II arbitrates a settlement
between King Philip and the count of Flanders. William, King of the Scots was
present. [King Henry returned to England the next month.]
3/1182, King Henry embarks from Portsmouth for Barfleur,
leaving Ranulph de Glanvill as Viceroy.
12/1182, King Henry assembled a Christmas court at Caen in
Normandy where it is said 1000 knights attended.
4/1183, Young King Henry again rebelled against his father
and defended Limoges chateau against a seige. Before Limoges, King Henry is
attacked by the garrison of the castle. He retreats with son Prince Richard.
6/5/1184 at Choisi, King Henry of England arbitrates
betweeen King Philip and the Comte of Flanders over Vermandois.
6/11/1183, The Young King caught a fever and died at Martel.
Richard became the heir to Henry II. [Young Henry was buried at Le Mans.]
6/1183, King Henry sent for Queen Eleanor, who was in prison
at Berkshire under the custody of Ralph fitz Stephen.
12/25/1183, King Henry held Chistmas court at Le Mans.
6/10/1184, King Henry returns to England.
1184 at Reading, Henry offered the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Henry did not accept, but agreed to a crusade if his issues with the French
king could be worked out.
11/1184, Queen Eleanor, her 3 sons, her daughter Margaret
and her husband, meet with King Henry in London to discuss the Primacy of
England. [They select Baldwin, bishop of Worcester.]
12/25/1184, King Henry held Christmas court at Windsor with
Queen Eleanor, princes Richard and John, and the Duke and Duchess [Matilda] of
Saxony, and David, brother of the King of the Scots, in attendance.
1/1185, King Henry sends for Queen Eleanor and the Duke and
Duchess [Margaret] of Saxony [who were still at Windsor] with news about
reconcilation between the Duke and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick.
3/18/1185, At Clerkenwell [in London] a Great Council
decides that King Henry should not go on crusade. William, King of the Scots,
and his brother David, both attended.
4/1/1185, Queen Eleanor is released from imprisonment [after
nearly 12 years] on the advice of Archbishop Baldwin.
1185, King Henry II ordered the identification of all women
and children under his feudal teneants.
5/1/1185, King Henry and King Philip meet with Heraclius at
Vaudreuil. The both declaine to attend the crusade, but promise men and money.
[Heraclius would reach Jerusalem by August.]
5/1185, Queen Eleanor sent to Guienne as sovereign for her
son Richard when King Henry, in France, needs Richard at court in England.
[Queen Eleanor accompanied by the Duke and Duchess of Saxony.]
4/27/1186, King Henry and Queen Eleanor return to England,
landing at Southampton.
8/19/1186, Prince Geoffrey died while in Paris at a
tournament. This left only Richard and John as heirs of Henry II.
10/1186, Queen Eleanor, residing at Winchester, visited by
King Henry.
2/1187, Henry sent a ship of money from the estate of Aaron
of Lincoln, the wealthiest private person in England, to Normandy to help
finance the war with King Philip II. The ship was lost at sea and the war
remained a standoff.
4/5/1187, King Henry and King Philip confer at Gue St. Remi,
but do not reach an accord and both prepare for war.
1/21/1188 in Normandy, King Henry II met with King Philip II
and pledged to take the cross of crusaders. They agreed that French soldiers
would wear red crosses, English white crosses, and Flemish green crosses.
8/31/1188, King Henry invades Ivry, France.
11/18/1188, Henry met with King Philip, and his son Richard,
for a peace conference in Bonmoulins. Richard wanted to be allowed to marry
Philip’s sister Alys [Henry’s lover], and that Richard should be acknowledged
as the heir. Henry refused.
12/25/1188, Queen Eleanor in England, while King Henry was
in Saumur in Anjou.
6/12/1189 at Le Mans, Henry, with 700
knights, was defeated by his son Richard, aligned with King Philip II of France.
His mother held Aquitaine for Richard. Henry escaped because William
Marshall attacked and killed the horse of Richard who was in pursuit. Henry escaped
to the castle of Chinon. There he was brought before Philip II and Richard to
ceded his possessions in France. He asked that in return he wanted a list of
all who had deserted him in his defeat. [Part of the defeat was due to a fire
set by the English burning part of the town.]
7/5/1189, When Henry received the list, to his surprise his
son John headed the list. He handed it back and said it was no longer important
who else was on the list.
7/6/1189, a Thursday, Henry died at Chinon; buried at
Fontevrault abbey in the Plantagenet mausoleum. His natural son Geoffrey [his
Chancellor] attended him at his death. Before death Henry designated Geoffrey
the Archbishop of York. William Marshall was assigned to accompany the body to
its burial.
[–––Eleanor of Aquitaine
–––]
7/1189, William Marshall, now named Chancellor of England by
Richard, sped to England to release 68 year old Eleanor from prison at
Winchester.
1189, Eleanor began giving edicts to release prisoners and
relax forest laws. She also had Alys, Henry’s mistress, confined.
9/13/1189, Eleanor attended her son Richard’s coronation.
10/13/1189, Queen Eleanor, mother of Richard II, confirmed
to ‘Maurice de Berkeley’ and his heirs Berkeley and Berkeley Harnesse, will all
Appendages, to be holden in Farony7 of the Lord King Richard, My son … by the
service of Five Knights … (S) Journals of the House of Lords, V60, 1828, P493.
12/12/1189, Eleanor left England with Richard for Normandy.
Easter Sunday, 1190, Eleanor arrived in Rome, the day of
consecration of Pope Celestine III.
10/1190, Eleanor was in Bordeaux.
11/1190, Queen Eleanor of England arrived in Pamplona,
Aragon to escort Sancho’s daughter Berengaria to her son King Richard to be
married. They had to travel over the Alps in Winter.
1191, Queen Eleanor arrived at Lodi near Milan, where they
met King Henry VI of Germany [who was traveling to Rome to the crowned Holy
Roman Emperor, and to Sicily to claim it for his wife Constance; sister-in-law
of Sicily’s Queen Johanna, d/o Eleanor.] From there they traveled to Naples.
3/30/1191, Queen Eleanor left Naples by ship for Messina,
Sicily.
4/1191, Queen Eleanor, having been reunited for a short time
with her daughter Johanna, began her return trip to Bonneville-sur-Touques on
the Normandy coast.
2/1192, Eleanor, upon hearing of her son John possibly
joining King Philip of France against King Richard’s claims in France, landed
at Southampton and rallied powerful barons to prevent John from joining Philip.
4/15/1192, A letter from Eleanor sent a letter to her son
King Richard, on crusade, arrived in Palestine informing Richard that King
Philip of France was threatening to invade his French possessions.
11/1192, Eleanor was in England to prepare for the expected
return of her son Richard I before Christmas.
1/1193, Eleanor learned that her son Richard was a prisoner
of Holy Roman Emperor Henry. She was also aware of collusion between King
Philip and Prince John.
1193, Eleanor’s son Prince John went to France to do homage
for English lands in France. Eleanor faced an imminent invasion by John and
Philip. Eleanor’s plea [1 of 3 in 1193] to Pope Celestine III for her son had
the unusual salutation: “Eleanor, in the wrath of God, Queen of England, duchess
of Normandy and countess of Anjou.” Eleanor also sent the Bishop of Bath,
cousin of Emperor Henry to him as an emissary.
2/28/1193, Eleanor and the Great Council ordered all barons
to renew their fealty to King Richard; and ordered representitives to search
for the king.
3/19/1193, Two abbots sent by Eleanor to search for Richard
came across him in custody near Oschenfurt, Germany.
3/28/1193, Fearing an invasion, Eleanor closed the Channel
ports and ordered a muster of home guards along the south coast of England. [An
uprising in Richard’s lands of Poitou was suppressed by Berengaria’s brother Sancho.
An advanced guard of John’s mercenaries were arrested as they landed. Some
other forces of John were driven back in John’s castles.]
3/30/1193, King Richard wrote from captivity expressing his
gratitude to his mother Eleanor for her loyal and effective regency and
requesting her action in the naming of his candidate as archbishop of
Canterbury. Richard had also proposed a truce of 6 months, which in effect
saved John’s forces from defeat, but required John to turn castles over to his
mother.
4/19/1193, by letter King Richard asks his mother Eleanor to
raise the money, and the justices of England to collect the hostages, he needs
for his release from captivity, according to the agreement he has made with the
Emperor of Germany.
7/1193, The ransom for King Richard was finalized, as well
as agreements between Richard and King Philip II. At Ely, Eleanor and the Great
Council started the process of collecting the money through a new organization,
“Saccarium Redemptionis”, headed by 5 treasures.
9/1193, German representatives arrived to receive the 1st
payment on the ransom. Eleanor’s trip through London with the money was
observed by many Londoners.
With not enough ransom money coming in, Eleanor and the
Great Council imposed a 2nd tax on property valued over 10
shillings.
12/1193, Eleanor received a letter from the emperor
informing her of the process and date of Richard’s release.
12/20/1193, Eleanor set off from Queenhithe with the rest of
the initial payment of ransom money and the 67 hostages.
1194, Prince John and King Philip made a counter-offer to
the 100,000 mark ransom that would deliver Richard into their hands.
1/17/1194, After traveling down the Rhine, Eleanor and her
contingent arrived at the imperial court in Germany. Eleanor advised Richard
[advice he took] to pledge homage for all his lands to Emperor Henry his
captor. This made the decision in favor of the English ranson.
2/4/1194, King Richard released into the custody of Eleanor
in Mainz, Germany. Henry sent letters to King Philip and Prince John that the
Holy Roman Empire would enforce all lands taken from Richard be returned.
1194, Richard and Eleanor returned to England via Cologne, Antwerp, by ship to Zwin [now in
Belgium].
3/12/1194, Eleanor and Richard, having once more evaded
capture, this time by King Philip II, landed at Sandwich, England.
4/17/1194, Eleanor witnessed the royal procession of King
Richard through the streets of Winchester.
5/12/1194, Eleanor sailed with Richard from Portsmouth for
Barfleur, then they traveled to Caen. At Lisieux, Eleanor mediated a peace
agreement between King Richard and Prince John.
1194, Now in her 70’s, Eleanor moved her chancellery to
Fontevrault abbey near her original home in France.
1195, Eleanor arranged for Alais Capet, having been a
hostage for years, to be returned to her brother King Philip.
1196, Eleanor arranged for the marriage of her widowed
daughter Joanna to Raymond of Toulouse, securing her souther borders.
1197, Eleanor arranged diplomatically for captured Philip,
Bishop of Beauvais, to escape from her son Richard’s imprisonment at Chateau
Gaillard.
4/6/1199 at Chalus-Chabrol, Eleanor attended King Richard on
his deathbed. Eleanor backed son John’s claim to the throne [against Richard’s
previously designated heir of Arthur, Duke of Brittany – son of deceased
Geoffrey who would have been heir after Richard.]
1199, King John publishes the agreement between himself and
his mother Eleanor acknowledging her right to hold her inheritance of Poitou
during her lifetime, in fief from him and which will revert to him as her heir.
1199, Eleanor writes to her son King John about the steps
she and the Constable of Auvergne, Guido de Dina, have taken to affirm the
loyalty of one of his Poitevin lords, Viscount Thoarc, to the king and ensure
his support in winning over the other Poitevin barons.
5/4/1199, Eleanor began a “good will” tour through her lands
in support of King John. Eleanor to Bordeaux, Soulac in the Gironde, and
returned to Poitiers by July 4th.
8/28/1199 at Tours, Eleanor did homage to King Philip for
Aquitaine; which she then invested in her son John as a fief to be held of her.
9/1199, Eleanor’s daughter Joanna, who had joined her at
Fontevrault, died. [Of her 10 children, only John and Eleanor, in far off
Castile, remained.]
1/1200, in Poitou, Eleanor ceded La Marche to the Lusignans
as part of a treaty.
1200, Eleanor traveled to Spain to retreive a granddaughter,
d/o Eleanor, to be wed to King Philip’s son Louis. She chose Blanche of
Castile.
3/1201, Eleanor, ill at the time, summoned Aimery, viscount
of Thouars, to Fontevraud to solicit his support for her son King John in the
war with King Philip of Spain.
1202, Eleanor left the abbey and went to Mirebeau castle in
Anjou to defend it against King Philip, who had declared all of King John’s
lands forfeit.
8/1/1202, Arthur trapped Eleanor in her Mirebeau castle in
Anjou. She was rescued by her son King John.
3/31/1204, Eleanor died; buried in the Plantagenet funerary
at Fontevrault abbey, France.
(S) Four Kings. (S) Epistolæ. (S) Memoires of the Queens of
France, V1, Bush, 1843. (S) The Troubador’s Song, Boyle, 2005. (S) The
Capetians, Bradbury, 2007. (S) Court, Household, and Itinerary of King Henry
II, Eyton, 1878. (S) She-Wolves, Castor, 2011.
Family notes:
·
King Louis’ seal of 1137 depicted him as a young
man with shoulder-length hair. Louis also adopted the fluer-de-lys as the
Capetian symbol; which had been used on family seals by his ancestors [e.g. the
seal of Philip I in 1060; and as far back as Hugh Capet in 996.]
·
King Henry was described as “a human chariot”
because he was constantly on the move.
Children of Louis and Eleanor:
i. Marie Capet (94555185), born 1145 in Paris, France.
ii. Princess Alix, born 1150 in Paris, France.
1162, Alix married Theobald V of Blois, brother to husband
of Marie. (S) Henry II, Warren, 1973, P109.
Children of Louis and Constance:
iii. Margaret Capet, born 1158 in France.
1160, Margaret betrothed to Henry, s/o King Henry II of
England.
6/11/1183, Henry “the Young King” died. [See below.]
1186, Margaret married King Bela III of Hungary.
iv. Alais de Capet (47277583), born 10/4/1160 in Paris,
France.
Children of Louis and Adela:
v. King Philip II Augustus Capet (94555248),
born 8/21/1165 in Gonesse, France.
Children of Henry and Eleanor:
i. King Henry Plantagenet, born 2/28/1155 in London.
1160, Henry, 5 years old, betrothed to Margaret, d/o King
Louis VII, ex-husband of his mother.
Henry educated by Thomas Becket.
1170, His father had Henry crowned “King of England”.
1172, Henry refused to attend Christmas with his father, and
instead invited all knights in Normandy named “William” to a feast.
1173-4, Henry made war on his brother Richard and his
father.
1177, Henry married Margaret.
Henry spent much of his time at a succession of tournaments
where his protector and Knight, William Marshall, won many victories.
1182, Henry expelled William Marshall for “undue
familiarity” with his wife.
6/11/1183, Henry “the Young King” died of fever in Martel,
France; buried initially in Le Mans, France; his father moved his body to Rouen
– where Henry had wished to be buried.
ii. Matilda Plantagenet, born 6/1156 in England.
2/1168 at Minden, 12 year old Matilda married Henry the
Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria. [Died 4/1195.]
10/1180, Matilda and Henry took refuge at Henry II’s court,
returning to Germany in 1185.
1184-89, Matilda made visits to her “imprisoned” mother at
Winchester.
12/25/1184, King Henry held Christmas court at Windsor with
Queen Eleanor, princes Richard and John, and the Duke and Duchess [Matilda] of
Saxony, and David, brother of the King of the Scots, in attendance.
1189, Matilda died.
Children: Otto, 2nd son, born ? in Germany – became
Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV.
iii. King Richard I, born 9/8/1157 in Oxford, England. [Richard
documented with King John.]
iv. Geoffrey Plantagenet, born 9/23/1158 in Angers,
France.
1169, at Montmirail, King Henry designated Geoffrey to be
Duke of Brittany.
1173, at Chinon, Geoffrey and his older brothers fled their
father in rebellion, going to Paris.
7/1181, Geoffrey married Constance of Brittany (39979511).
[See Constance for additional details.]
Children: Arthur of Brittany and Eleanor, see Constance.
v. Queen Eleanor Plantagenet (47277579), born 10/13/1162
in Domfront, Normandy, France.
vi. Queen Joanna Plantagenet, born 10/1165 in Angers,
France.
8/27/1176 in Palermo, Joanna married William II, Norman King
of Sicily.
2/13/1177, Joanna crowned Queen of Sicily at Panormus.
1189, William II died.
10/1196, Joanna married 2nd Raymond VI, count of
Toulouse.
4/1199, Joanna, pregnant and essentially abandoned by her
husband, heard of her brother Richard’s death and went to Fontevrault abbey to
become a nun.
9/1199, Joanna and her infant son Richard died; buried at
Fontevrault abbey.
vii. King John (23638784), born 12/26/1166 in Oxford, England.
Children of Henry and mistress Ykenai:
i. Geoffrey fitz Roy, born 1151-53 in England.
1173, Geoffrey elected Bishop of Lincoln, though not yet a
priest. He could not assume the role.
1174, Geoffrey, Elect of Lincoln, besieged and took the
castle of Kirkby Malzeard, belonging to Roger de Mowbray, who had embraced the
cause of the young King Henry in rebellion against his father.
1182, Geoffrey appointed Chancellor by his father.
7/6/1189, Geoffrey the only son of King Henry at his
deathbed.
1189, King Richard I, his brother, named him Bishop of York
(not held until 1191), and had him consecrated as a priest.
1212, Geoffrey died.
Child of Henry and Ida:
ii. William Longespee (19989838), born ~1174 in England.
[Sometimes listed as the s/o concubine Rosamond Clifford, he
was almost the same age. His mother was Ida
de Tony.]
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