79958920. Prince Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd & 79958921. Princess Gwladys verch Llywarch & 486788003. Christina verch Goronwy
~1105, Gwladys born in
Wales, d/o §§Llywarch ap Trahaiarn, Lord of Arwystli and Pembroke & Dyddgu verch Iorwerth.
8/2/1100, Henry I crowned
King of England.
1118, The Battle of
Maies Maen Cymro ended with 2 major chieftains of Wales, east of Gwynedd, being
killed. Owain and his older brother Cadwallon took control of the associated
territories.
1123, Cadwallon and
Owain invaded the cantref of Meirionydd in Powys, which they occupied.
[––Owain & Gwladys––]
~1128, Owain married Gwladys.
1132, Owain’s older brother, Cadwallon, killed in battle
against forces of Powys leaving Owain as heir.
1135, Owain Gwunedd and Cadwalader, brothers, and a large
number of Welshmen attacked and destroyed the Norman castle of Ystradpeithill
near Aberystwith. [Soon after, Cadwalader married Alice, d/o Richard, earl of
Clare, and rebuilt the castle as his primary residence.]
12/2/1135, King Henry I of England died; providing an
opportunity for a Welsh uprising while there was internal strife in England.
12/22/1135, Stephen crowned king of England.
1/1/1136, In a sea battle, with the forces of the earl of
Warwick, the Welsh were victorius, killing over 500 Anglo-Normans.
4/15/1136, Richard, Earl of Hertford, and Lord of Ceredigion
in Wales, the most powerful magnate in Wales, slain in an ambush at Abergavenny
by men of Gwent under Iorwerth ab Owain. This encouraged Owain to invade his
territories.
10/1136, Owain and Gruffydd ap Rhys, with and army of 6000
infantry and 2000 calvary, defeated Anglo-Norman forces at the battle of Crug
Mawr near Ceredigion. Owain was able to seize the castle of Mold, but not
Cardigan castle.
1137, Owain succeeded his father; but shared the kingdom
with his younger brother Cadwaladr as was the custom in Wales.
1137, Owain and Cadwaladr invaded Ceredigion again,
destroying the castles of Ystrad, Meurig, Castell Hywel, and Lampeter. They
then captured Carmathen, taking possession of the whole of the valley of Towy.
1138, Owain enlisted the help of a Danish fleet of 15 ships
to lay siege to Cardigan castle, which still held out. Owain left his brother
in charge of Ceredigion and returned to Gwynedd. A truce was declared until
November.
~1140, Christina born in Wales, d/o §§Grono ab Owain ab
Edwyn. [Owain’s 1st cousin.]
1140, Owain opposed the election of Meurug, a clerk, as
bishop in North Wales because he swore fealty to the King of England.
11/1140, Owain met with Anarawd ap Gruffudd and Bernard of
St. David’s at Aberdyfi.
2/2/1141, Owain’s brother Cadwaladr led a contingent of
Welsh men at the battle of Lincoln and the capture of King Stephen.
1143, Owain stripped his brother Cadwaladr of his lands
after Cadwaladr was implicated in a murder over land boundaries.
1144, Owain Gwynedd destroyed the castle of Mold. (S) Annals
and Antiquities, V1, Nicholas, 1872, P436.
1144, Owains’ brother, using hired mercenaries, compelled
Owain to restore his lands.
1144, Many Welsh pilgrims, mainly from Dyfed and Ceredigion,
drowned on their way to Jerusalem.
1144, Ranulf of Chester reconciled with Cadwaladr, brother
of Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd.
1145, Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd attacked the lands of
Ranulf, earl of Chester, who had reconciled with Owain’s brother Cadwaladr.
1146, Cooperating with Deheubarth, Owain captured the castle
of Mold from Robert Montault, steward of Chester.
1147, Owain and Cadwaladr’s peace agreement, lasting 3
years, ended with attack by Owain’s forces on Meirionydd.
1148, Owain Gwynedd built a castle at Yale, close to the
English border. Both Randulf, earl of Chester, and Madog ap Maredudd opposed
the construction of the castle.
1148, Cynan and Howel, sons of Owain Gwynedd, by force
snatched Meironit from Cadwalader, brother of Owain.
1149, Madog ap Maredudd built a castle at Oswestry, part of
the lands of Englishman William fitz Alan. [The English were involved in a
civil war.] About the same time Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd built a castle at
Buddugre, in the cwmwd of Ial, commanding the pass from Dyffryn Clwyd.
1150, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, allied himself with Madog ap
Maredudd of Powys and marched against Owain. Owain, by ambush, defeated the
combined forces near Colehil.
1150, Owain captured the castle of Ruhddlan on the border
with the Powys of south Wales. Owain imprisoned his son Cynan.
1152, Owain’s brother Cadwaladr was driven from Aglesey by
southern Welshmen and took refuge in England.
1152, Owain blinded and castrated his nephew Cunedda son of
his older brother Cadwallon, to prevent an issue of succession.
1153, Ranulf of Chester died. Rhys ap Gruffudd of Deheubarth
reduced the Cantref of Penwedig, attacked the castle of Tenby, which they gave
to William fitz Gerald, lord of Pembroke, and destroyed the castle of Ystrad
Cyngen.
10/25/1154, King Stephen died.
12/19/1154, Henry II crowned king of England. [King Henry’s
interests were focused in England and Normandy for the 1st few
years.]
1155, Owain’s son Maredudd ap Gruffudd died. Three princes
dominated Wales: Owain Gwynedd, Madog of Powys, and Rhys ap Gruffudd of
Deheubarth.
1156, Owain started a campaign to recover Ceredigion, lost
in 1153. Rhys ap Gruffudd of Deheubarth led an army opposing Owain. Owain
declined to do battle, and Rhys built a castle at Aberdyfi, and then returned
to south Wales.
1156-7, Gwladys died.
[––Owain & Christina––]
By 1157, Owain married Christina; his 1st cousin.
7/17/1157, At the Council of Northampton, King Henry decided
to invade Wales against Owain. (S) Henry II, Warren, 1977, P69. [Owain’s
brother Cadwalar was a supplicant at Henry’s court claiming that he had been
deprived of his inheritance. Henry also wanted to assert his control over an
area that had been regarded as reserved to the earls of Chester.]
1157, King Henry concentrated his forces in the plains of
Chester. Owain entrenched himself at Basingwerk.
1157, King Henry II invaded Gwynedd with support of
Cadwaladr; where his was nearly killed by the forces of Owain at the battle of
Ewloe. Owain still faced a formidable army, and retreated to St. Asaph. King
Henry gathered his forces at Rhuddlan. At the same time, King Henry’s invasion
fleet was defeated at the isle of Mon.
7/1157, After the intial battles of King Henry and Owain Gwynedd
ap Gruffydd, Madog ap Maredudd positioned his forces between the opposing
groups. In the peace agreement, Madog arranged for Owain’s castle built in Ial
to be burned. Owain’s peace agreement included his brother’s lands being
restored, and resignation all claim to Tegeingl, which included Rhuddlan
castle. Owain also had to provide 22 hostages, including two of his sons.
1158, Iowerth ab Owain appointed to govern Uch Coed in north
Wales by his father Owain.
1159, Eonion Clyd captured his brother Cadwallawn and
delivered him to Owain Gwynedd, who delivered him to King Henry.
1160, With the death of Madog ap Maredudd and his son,
supporters of King Henry II, Owain was able to seize Arwystli. The Council of
Woodstock attempted to convince the Welsh lords to accept being vassals to the
English crown.
1161, Maurice, bishop of Bangor died. Owain kept the See of
Bangor vacant; despite the protests of Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury, and
Pope Alexander III.
1161-2, Owain was involved in the selection of a new bishop
for Bangor.
1162, Owain’s mother died; Owain took possession of
Cyfeiliog and its castle of Tafolwern. In battle against the invading forces of
Howel ab Ieuaf of Arwystli at Llandinam, Owain’s forces killed over 200 of
Howel’s 300 men.
1162, Owain repulsed and attack by Hywel ab Ieuaf.
1163, King Henry invaded Wales.
1164, Owain Gwynedd and Rhys ap Gurffudd made an agreement
to oppose King Henry. Owain attacked the Norman lands on the north Welsh
frontier.
1165, Owain wrote to Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury [now
in exile], arguing that the Bishop of Bangor should be allowed to be consecrated
other than at Canterbury.
8/1165, King Henry II invaded Gwynedd again. The battle of
Crogen was a defeat for King Henry against much smaller Welsh forces. The
weather finally drove Henry’s forces back to England. Back in England, King
Henry II ordered the 22 Welsh hostages, including 2 of Owain’s sons [Cadwallon
and Cynfrig], blinded and mutilated. In south Powys, Rhys ap Gruffydd
retaliated by killing all Normans in his territory.
1166, Owain acknowledged himself a vassal of King Louis of
France, and promised to harrass King Henry in England if King Louis would do so
in Normandy.
1166, Owain took the castle of Basingwerk in Tegeingl.
11/1167, After a siege of 3 months, Owain, with the help of
Rhys ap Gruffydd of Powys, again captured and destroyed Rhuddlan castle. Owain
then destroyed the castle of Prestatyn.
1168, Owain captured Basingwerk castle from the English.
1168, Owain, styling himself “Princeps Wallensium” – “the
Prince of the Welsh”, began negotiations with King Louis VII of France to gain
French recognition and support.
11/23/1169, Owain s/o Gruffydd ap
Cynan, King of Gwynedd, Wales, died at Caernarvonshire in the
32nd year of his reign; buried at Bangor Cathedral despite having
been excommunicated.
(S) A History of Wales from the Earliest Times, V2, Lloyd,
1912. (S) The Age of Owain Gwynedd, Barbier, 1908. (S) Normal Outline of Welsh
History, Davies, 1905. (S) History of Wales, Caradoc of
Llancarvan, 1832, Translated by Powell.
Child of Owain and Gwladys:
i. Iorwerth Drwyndwn ap Owain Gwynedd (39979460), born
~1130 in Wales.
ii. Gwenlian verch Owain-Gwynedd (243394001), born ~1140
in Wales.
Child of Owain and Christina:
iii. Anghard ap Owen Gwynedd (121696905), born ~1158 in
Wales.
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