~1177, Andrew born in Hungary, 2nd s/o 94555180.
King Bela III of Hungary.
~1185, Gertrude born in Merania, d/o §§Duke Berthold
IV of Merania & Duchess Agnes of Rochlitz.
1182, King Bela had his 1st son Emeric crowned to
insure succession.
1188, King Bela gave Andrew the principality of Halych;
which had rebelled against their ruler Prince Vladimir II Yaroslavich. [King
Bela had imprisoned Vladimir.]
1189, Prince Andrew’s forces supressed a rebellion of boars
in Halych. Soon after, Vladimir escaped prison and took back control of Halych.
3/25/1195, Gertrude’s mother died.
4/23/1196, Andrew’s father died leaving Andrew a large
amount of money to fulfill his [the father’s] crusader’s oath.
12/1197, Andrew, with the help of Leopold V, duke of
Austria, defeated his brother in battle near Macsek. Andrew forced his brother
Emeric to grant him the duchies of Croatia and Dalmatia. (S) Pope Innocent III,
Moore, 2003, P73.
1198, Pope Innocent III asked duke Andrew to fullfill his
crusade promise in the Holy Land. [Instead, Andrew attacked Zahumlje and Rama.]
(S) Pope Innocent III, Moore, 2003, P31.
1198, Andrew succeeded in having Croatia, Dalmatia and other
smaller territories declared semi-independent, creating a new power center in
Hungary. (S) A History of Hungary, Sugar, 1994, P23.
~1198, Yolande born in France, d/o 94555182. Peter II de
Courtenay & 94555183. Yolanda of Flanders.
1199, King Emeric defeated Andrew in battle; Andrew escaped
to Austria. Through papal mediation, Andrew and Emeric made peace and Andrew
was restored to Croatia and Dalmatia.
[––Andrew & Gertrude––]
~1200, Andrew married Gertrude.
1200, Emeric and Andrew were again at war. Andrew was
imprisoned in Croatia. Andrew escaped again.
Aft. 1200, The Andechs along the Croatian and Hungarian
border built a strong allicance with Andrew. (S) Southeastern Europe in the
Middle Ages, Curta, 2006, P399.
8/12/1204, Gertrude’s father died, buried at Andechs
monastery, DieBen, Bavaria.
10/1204, Andrew’s brother died leaving a son Ladislas born
in 1199. Emeric’s wife Constance of Aragon escaped with her son to Austria.
5/7/1205, Andrew succeed his nephew on his death in Austria.
5/29/1205, Andrew crowned King of Hungary.
1205, Andrew attacked his neighbors and became King of
Galicia and Lodomeria.
1208, Andrew invaded Halych.
1209, King Andrew II confirmed by a Golden Bull all the
freedoms and estates that had been acquired by the Knights Templars.
1210, King Andrew invited the Teutonic Knights, led by Grand
Master Herman Salza to wage war against the Cumans, a nomadic Turkish tribe.
(S) Ecclesiastical Review, V56, 1917, P39.
1211, Andrew gave Burzenland in Siebenbürgen [Transylvania]
in the south to the Teutonic Knights to be a buffer against the Kumans. (S)
History Teacher’s Magazine, V9, 1918, P365.
1212, Andrew again invaded Halych.
1213, King Andrew put his son Koloman on the Galician throne
and tried to replace Orthodox bishops with his own Latin priests. (S) Prince,
Saint, and Apostle, Korpela, 2001, P160.
9/24/1213, Queen Gertrude murdered by nobles who resented
privileges accorded to her German barons and her lavish spending. [Only the
leader of the conspirators was executed.] (S) Women and Gender in Medieval
Europe, Schaus, 2006, P236.
1214, Andrew began to finance his crusade by selling and
mortgaging property and debasing his coinage.
1214, Andrew and Leszek, duke of Poland, divided Halych
between Hungary and Poland. [Andrew did not live up to his end of the agreement
and he was eventually driven from Halych. By another agreement part of Halych
was given to his son Coloman.]
[––Andrew & Yolande––]
2/1215, Andrew married Yolanda [niece of Henry I, Emperor of
Constantinople, who arranged the marriage]. (S) The Late Medieval Balkans,
Fine, 1994, P101.
4/1215, Pope Innocent III proclaimed the 5th
crusade in a papal bull. King Andrew was escused from immediate participation
by the Pope because of civil war in Hungary. (S) A History of the Crusades,
Runciman, 1987, P146.
7/11/1216, Yolanda’s uncle died and Andrew attempted
[unsuccessfully] to have himself crowned Emperor of Constantinople.
7/16/1216, Pope Honorious III succeeded Pope Innocent III.
1217, Andrew issued multiple charters witnessed by Master
Garin of Montaigu. (S) Central Convent of Hospitaller and Templars, Burgtorf,
2008, P521.
8/23/1217, King Andrew arrived at Spalato with 10,000
horsemen and a “host” of crusaders. Andrew had arranged with Venetians to
transport his forces; but they did not have enough ships for the size of the
army. [Duke Leopold VI of Austria was also on crusade, traveling by a different
route with multiple brothers-in-law of King Andrew.]
9/1217, After a delay to get more ships, King Andrew embarked
from Spalato on crusade. (S) The Oxford History of the Crusades, Riley-Smith,
2002, P149. [Both Clissa and Spalato were held by the Kinghts Templars in the
name of King Andrew.]
10/9/1217, Andrew landed his forces at Cyprus; then they
proceeded to Acre, where they met up with the forces of Duke Leopold of
Austria.
11/10/1217, Andrew’s forces defeated the forces of Al-Adil
I, brother of Saladin, sultan of Egypt, at the battle of Bethsaida; but the
forces retreated to fortresses of Mount Tabor which Andrew could not capture.
1/18/1218, Andrew left for his return to Hungary. Duke Leopold remained in the Holy Land.
[Andrew returned with a large number of Jews and Mulsims to whom he entrusted
the collection of taxes.] (S) The Biographical Dictionary, V2, Pt2, 1843, 659.
1218, King Andrew returned via Tripoli and Antioch, stopping
at Krak des Chevaliers and Margat to help the Hospitallers with construction of
their facilities. [On a stop in Nicaea there was an attempt on his life.]
1219, King Andrew’s son had been sent to Armenia, and Andrew
and made a request of the Pope to commission the Hospitallers and Templars to
guard his son. (S) The Hospitallers, Borchardt, 2007, P193.
1220, Andrew handed over the administration of Slavonia,
Dalmatia and Croatia to his son Bela.
1221, The recently establish Order of Dominicans sent
members into Hungary. 32 of the monks were drowned in one day by the Bosnians.
(S) London Quarterly Review, V4, 1855, P38.
1222, Andrew issued the “Magna Charta of Hungary” [Golden
Bull] confirming privileges. Nobles and the church were to be exempted from
taxes. No noble was obliged to follow the king into a foreign war. No foreigner
to hold office without consent of the council of the realm. … (S) Select
Documents Illustrating Medieval and Modern History, Reich, 1905, P637.
[Similarities indicate the framers of the Bull had knowledge of the Magna Carta
of England. The Primate of Hungary visited Stephen Langton, who drafted the
Magna Carta, at Canterbury in 1220.]
6/6/1224, Andrew made a peace agreement with Leopold, duke
of Austria.
1224, The Teutonic Knights established in Siebenbürgen sent
a petition to Pope Honorius III asking to be placed under direct papal
authority. [Independence from King Andrew.] (S) Oath of Fealty, Scott, 2009,
P105.
1224, King Andrew issued the “Andreaneum”, giving special
rights to the Germans living on the royal land around Sibiu in Transylvania.
(S) Contens and Addresses of Hungarian Archives, 2009, P65.
1225, Pope Honorius III instructed Ugrinus, archbishop of
Kalocsa to warn King Andrew II of Hungary to stop giving Jews and pagans
preference in appointments to public office. [Andrew likely sold these offices
because he had found his country bankrupt when returning from crusade.] (S) The
Apostolic See and the Jews, V7, Simonshohn, 1991, P150.
1225, Andrew issued a charter, to Master Garin of Montaigu.
(S) Central Convent of Hospitaller and Templars, Burgtorf, 2008, P523.
1225, King Andrew expelled the Teutonic Knights by force
from Burzenland because they were expanding their territory. (S) History Teacher’s
Magazine, V9, 1918, P365.
1226, King Andrew, needing money, farmed the royal revenues
to Jews. (S) The Jewish Encyclopedia, V6, 1912, P494.
1228, King Andrew granted to his chief treasurer Denys an
estate near Cluj.
1230, Frederick II, duke of Austria, attacked the western
borders of Andrew; defeating the Hungarians in Halych.
1231, Andrew led forces into Halych to secure his youngest
son’s rule.
12/1232, Pope Gregory IX admonished King Andrew II to
correct the wrongs in Hungary including the oppression of Christian poor by
Jews and Moslems in public office. Through Robert, archbishop of Gran, King
Andrew [alone] was placed under an interdict [excommunicated.] (S) The
Apostolic See and the Jews, V7, Simonshohn, 1991, P151.
8/20/1233, Andrew negotiated the rights of the clergy with a
papal legate called the Agreement of Bereg.
1233, Yolanda died; buried in the abbey of Igris.
[––Andrew––]
5/14/1234, Andrew married Beatrice D’Este.
1234, Andrew excommunicated for violating the Agreement of
Bereg.
1235, Andrew invaded Austria and forced Federick II into a
peace agreement.
1235, Andrew’s excommunication lifted by the Pope.
5/28/1235, Andrew’s daughter Elisabeth [born 1207, died
11/10/1231] canonized [for her Christian charity following the ideals of
Francis of Assisi.]
9/21/1235, Andrew died, his son Bela IV succeeding.
(S) The Crusades and the Military Orders, Runciman, 2001. (S)
History of the Latin Christianity, Milman, 1889.
Family notes:
·
Berthold
IV of Merania (b.~1159, d.1204), Agnes
of Rochlitz (b.~1165, d.3/25/1195).
·
1189, Berthold a standard bearer in the 3rd
crusade.
·
Meriania near the top of the Adriatic sea, SW of
Hungary, then a part of the Holy Roman Empire.
Child of Andrew and Gertrude:
i. Bela IV (47277628), born 1206 in Hungary.
Child of Andrew and Yolande:
ii. Yolande of Hungary (23638795), born 1216 in Hungary.
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