47277588. King Pedro II of Aragon & 47277589. Queen Marie of Montpellier
1176, Pedro born in Aragon, Spain, s/o 94555144. King
Alfonso II of Aragon & 94555145. Sanchia of Castile.
1182, Marie born in Montpellier, France, d/o 94555178.William
VIII of Montpellier & 94555179. Eudocia of Constantinople.
[––Marie––]
1194, Marie’s stepmother, Agnes of Castile, arranged her
marriage to Barral, vicomte de Marseille [who soon died.]
4/25/1196, Pedro succeeded his father.
1196, On the death of their father, Alfonso (47277572)
inherited Provence and some smaller territories under the feudal suzerainty of
his brother Pedro.
1197, Pedro II put in law that heretics were to burned at
the stake [specifically addressed at the Waldenses].
8/1197, Pedro visited Huerta and took the monastery under
his protection.
[––Marie & Bernard––]
12/1197, Marie was married to elderly Bernard, comte de
Comminges; her dowery 200 marks of silver; Marie receiving the chateau of
Murel.
2/1198, Archbishop Berenguer [Peter’s half-uncle] and Count
Bernard brought Peter and Raymond of Toulouse together to reaffirm the peace
agreement of 1190.
5/20/1198, Pedro II of Aragon allied with Alfonso VIII by
the Treaty of Calatayud.
1198, King Pedro and King Alfonso attacked Sancho VII of
Navarre. In suing for peace, Sancho offered the hand of his sister to Pedro.
2/11/1199, Pedro’s marriage to Sancho’s sister was forbidden
by Pope Innocent III. [Alfonso VII being the common grandfather of the bride
and groom.]
9/1200, Pedro held court at Ariza.
9/1201, at Bagneres-de-Luchon, Count Bernard did homage to
Peter for Comminges, in return for cession of Val d’Aran.
1201, Bernard died. Bernard’s vassals did homage to Marie
and her 2 daughters: Mathilde and Pertonilla.
1201, Pedro fortified the town of Tiermas. (S) Pilgrimage
Road to Santiago, Gititz, 2000, P31. [Which Pedro later gave to the king of
Navarre.]
1202, Pedro promulgated constitutions relative to the Peace
and Truce of God; extending his peace and protection to public assemblies,
courts, markets, churches, … violators were subject to fines.
1204, Marie’s father died; Marie by consent of the
inhabitants of Montpellier becoming their soverign [to the exclusion of her
half-brothers.]
4/1204 at Millau, Pedro II, Alfonso of Provence [Pedro’s
brother], and Raymond VI signed a pact of mutual assistance in case of war.
5/1204, Alfonso’s brother Pedro II mediated a dispute
between Alfonso and William II of Forcalquier over rights in Forcalquier.
[––Pedro & Marie––]
6/15/1204, Pedro married Maria, Comtesse de Comminges.
11/1204, King Pedro went to Rome to receive the crown [made
of unleavened bread] of Aragon by Pope Innocent III. [Pedro’s ancestor Sancho I
had placed Aragon under special protection of the pope, for which they rendered
500 mancuses yearly.] At this coronation, the Pope authorized the Queens of
Aragon to be crowned at Zaragoza.
1/1205, Pedro ransomed his brother Alfonso who had been
captured by William II of Forcalquier.
6/1205, Pedro of Aragon offered all lands that he could
acquire from heretics [and a year later all their goods.] Pedro seized the
castle of Escure, which had been occupied by Cathars.
1205, Pedro instituted a tribute tax to help pay for
defending the kingdom.
7/1206, Pedro II, aiding his brother Alfonso in renewed
hostilities with the count of Forcalquier, received a loan of 100,000 sous from
the consulate of Montpellier, pledging the castle of the same town.
1207, Pedro entered into a support pact with the lords of
the Languedoc against heretics and mercenaries.
1208, Countess Elvira donated the county of Urgell to Pedro,
saving the rights of her daughter who was betrothed to Pedro’s infant son.
1208, Pope Innocent III launched the Albigensian crusade
against the Cathars [heretics at Lunguedoc – which were vassals of Pedro.]
1/1209, Raymond-Roger became a vassal of Pedro for castles
in Cerdanya, Conflent and Barida.
1209, Pedro began proceedings to repudiate Queen Marie;
addressing her previous marriage and a distant relationship. Marie pointed out
that her previous marriage had been compelled, not a marriage of choice. Marie
appealed the decision to the Pope and went to Rome to give her personal
defense.
6/4/1209, By the Treaty of Mallen, Pedro II named his
brother Alfonso as his heir. [Alfonso died the same year.]
12/1210 at Narbonne, Pedro of Aragon and Simon de Montfort
met with Raymond of Toulouse.
1211, In an agreement with Simon de Montfort, leading French
crusaders, Pedro arranged for his son Jaime to marry the daughter of the Count
of Toulouse, with Simon de Montfort retaining custody of the child prince.
7/16/1212, Alfonso VIII of Castile lead a coalition of
Castillian forces as crusaders defeating the Almohads at the battle of Navas de
Tolosa; the beginning of the restoration of the Iberian peninsula to Christanity.
The coalition included King Sancho VII, “the Strong”, of Navarre, and Pedro II
of Aragon [Alfonso’s grandson]. Alfonso, in a letter to the Pope, estimated
100,000 Moors were killed, while he lost 25,000. Pedro, by common consent of the nobles presenty,
was the greatest knight at the battle. (S) The Spanish People, Hume, 1917,
P149.
1/1213, The Pope denied the divorce request of Pedro’s son James.
2/1213, Pedro sent a letter to the Council of Lavaur denying
that his vassals were supporting heretics and requested land taken from them be
returned [concerned specifically the city of Toulouse which had been
excommunicated].
1213, Maria died in Rome, buried in St. Peters, having never
returned to Aragon. Pedro gave her half-brother Guillaume the land of
Montpellier.
[––Pedro––]
1213, Pedro joined the Count of Toulouse in the city; then
the two marched their forces on Muret.
9/12/1213, Pedro, “el Catolico”, killed at the Battle of
Muret in the Albigensian crusade. Pedro of Aragon had brought 800 to 1000 Aragonese
cavalry, with a militia of 2000 to 4000 infantry from Toulouse; opposing the
forces of Simon IV de Montfort of mostly French crusaders, of 260 knights and
900 calvary. [According to one chronicle Pedro spent the night before the
battle in amorous pursuits and did not make it to morning mass before the
battle. During the battle, Pedro disguised himself in a borrowed suit of armor
in the 2nd of 3 lines.] (S) Queer Iberia, Blackmore, 1999, P125.
(S) History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, V1, Lea,
1922. (S) Queens of Aragon, Miron, 1913. (S) Cantar de Mio Cid, Duggan, 2008.
(S) History of Medieval Spain, O’Callaghan, 1983. (S) Rise of the Spanish
Empire, V1, Merriman, 1918. (S) Innocent III and the Crown of Aragon, Smith,
2004. (S) Crusade, Heresy and Inquisition, Smith, 2010.
Family notes:
·
Pedro was well known as a troubadour and poet.
·
James wrote of his mother: “As regards the
Queen, our mother, suffice it to say that, if ever there was a good woman in
the world, it was she. … within and without Rome, she merited to be called the
Sainted Queen.”
Children of Pedro and Marie:
i. James I of Aragon (23638794), born 2/1/1208 in Aragon.
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