23638784. King John Plantagenet & 23638785. Queen Isabella of Angouleme & 47249562. Count Hugh X de Lusignan & 19989669. Adelade de Warenne & King Richard I
[––King Richard
I––]
9/8/1157,
Richard born in Oxford, England, s/o 47277568. King Henry II & 47277569.
Eleanor of Aquitaine.
5/1/1165,
Prince Richard and his sister Princess Matilda are with their parents at
Argentan in Normandy.
9/1166,
Siblings Richard, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleanor and Johanna are with their mother
the Queen at Angers where she is acting as regent of Maine and Anjou.
5/31/1170
in the church of St. Hilary at Poictiers, Prince Richard installed with ‘lance
and standard’ as Comte of Poitevin by the Bishop of Bordeaux. Then, at Limoges,
Richard decorated with the ring of St. Valerie and proclaimed Duke. [Richard’s
mother Queen Eleanor attended.]
6/14/1170,
King Henry had his 15 year old son Henry crowned King. [While this was a common
practice in France, it had never been done in England, and was opposed by many
nobles and the Pope.]
[––John––]
12/26/1166,
John born in Newark castle, Lincolnshire, England, s/o 47277568. King Henry II & 47277569. Eleanor of Aquitaine.
1169, King
Henry II and King Louis VII made a peace treaty in which Henry II laid out his
plans for dominions going to each of his sons. [John nicknamed “Lack-land”
(Sans Terre) because he was the youngest son and received no major continental
fiefs from his father.]
1170, King
Henry had his 15 year old son Henry the young, John’s brother, crowned King.
1170, John’s
mother, Queen Eleanor, established her own separate court at Poitiers, France.
~1170, Adelade
born in England, d/o 94559120. Earl
Hamelin Plantagenet & 94559121. Isabel Warren.
2/21/1173,
Young King Henry and Richard with their parents attend the Council of Limoges.
At this time King Henry proposed giving Chinon, Mirabeay and Loudon to Prince
John, which was strongly opposed by Henry the Young.
4/1173, King
Henry arranged for his son John to marry Alix, d/o Count Humbert of Maurienne
in Provence. John was to have Chinon, Loudun, and Mirebeau as a cadet of Anjou.
John’s older brother’s objected to the arrangement and rebelled. John’s mother,
who supported the rebelling sons, was put under house arrest.
7/6/1173,
Young King Henry, Richard and Geoffrey with the Comtes of Flanders and Boulogne
[who was killed] lay siege to Driencourt. [The castle surrendered on 7/21.]
9/25/1173,
King Henry and King Louis VII meet near Gisors. King Louis was escorted by King
Henry’s sons Henry, Richard and Geoffrey. [The negotiations were unsuccessful.]
7/7/1174,
King Henry embarks from Barfleur with Prince John and Princess Joan, and his
prisoners Queen Eleanor, the young Queen Margaret, the Earl of Chester, the
Earl and Countess of Leicester, and the wives of the Princes Richard and
Geoffrey. [John now to be raised in King Henry’s household.] Age 7, John given
3 castles in Anjou with £1,000
Angevin yearly, and in England the county and castle of Nottingham, the
lordship of Marlborough, and £1,000
sterling yeary.
9/8/1174,
King Henry and King Louis agree to a peace treaty that ends King Louis’ support
of Henry’s sons in rebellion.
9/23/1174,
King Henry forces Prince Richard, age 17, into submission in Poitou.
1175,
Prince Richard goes to Poitou to restore castles and fortifications to the same
as they were before the rebellion.
5/1176,
Prince Richard wins the battle of Buteville in Saintonge.
9/28/1176,
At court at Windsor, William, earl of Gloucester, makes Prince John his heir.
12/25/1176,
Prince John with his brother Prince Geoffrey celebrate Christmas with King
Henry at Nottingham.
1/15/1177,
‘Et in corredio Johannis filii Regis £4 6s 8d per breve Regis.’
5/8/1177, King Henry named his son
John, age 9, as King of Ireland.
6/11/1177,
King Henry and his son Prince John attest a grant by Geoffrey de Scalariis to
Waltham.
3/1178,
Prince John and his half-brother Geoffrey, bishop elect of Lincoln, sent from
England to Normandy by Richard de Luci, viceroy of England.
12/25/1178,
Prince John with his father King Henry and brother Prince Geoffrey for the
Christmas court at Winchester [Prince Richard was in Poitou, and Young King
Henry in Normandy.]
9/18/1180,
Philip Augustus succeeded as King of France.
3/1182,
Prince John left in the tutelage of Ranulf de Glanville.
1182, “John,
son of the Lord the King” attested Ranulf de Glanville’s founding of Leystone.
12/25/1182, All the brothers at King
Henry’s Christmas court at Caen, France.
6/1183, John’s brother Henry, the Young King, died
of fever in Martel, France.
~1183, “Hugh
le Brun” born in France, s/o 94499124. Count
Hugh IX de Lusignan.
6/1183,
Older brother Young King Henry died; Richard should have been named heir, but
was not. Richard went to Paris to enlist the aid of the young French King,
Philip II Augustus.
7/3/1183,
at Angiers, King Henry and Prince Richard are reconciled with Geoffrey. Prince
Richard, age 25, and now the heir, agrees to give Aquitaine to Prince John.
8/1183,
Prince John traveled with King Henry to Normandy.
1185, Knighted by his father, John sent to subdue
[unsuccessfully] rebellious chieftains in Ireland. He left from Pembroke, Wales “with a great band of
armed men, and a multitude of ships.”
4/1185,
Charter of Prince John [Johannes filius Domini Regis Anglian et Dominus
Hiberniae] to the Irish monastery of Saneta Maria de Valle Salutis witnessed by
Hugh de Lacy, constable of Ireland; Bertran de Verdon, seneschal of Ireland,
and Gilbert Vipard.
1185-86,
Honor of Chester:– Bertram de Verdun, Adam de Almondelegh for him … for the
passage of Ireland of 9 ships with men, of John the K’s son, and their harness,
£23 5s 4d; … ship to carry supplies … passage to Ireland of William Cumin and
his men … of William de Casineto, his associates, and 10 horses …
3/1187,
Princes Richard and John meet with their father at Aumale in Normandy. [King
Henry is preparing for war with King Philip.] Richard and John are each given
command of a fourth of King Henry’s forces.
11/1187
in Paris, Richard “the Lionheart” took the vow of a crusader.
1188,
Isabella of Angouleme born in France, d/o 47277570.
Vicount Audemar of Angouleme &
47277571. Alice of Courtenay.
8/1188,
King Henry, supported by Welsh troops, invades France. Prince Richard, while
promising to do fealty to his father, invades Berri.
6/1189
at Le Mans, King Henry defeated by Richard.
7/6/1189,
John’s brother Richard became king on the death of their father. [Although
there were many barons that would have preferred John. Richard sent William Marshall to free his mother
from her confinement. She had been
‘imprisoned’ since 1173.]
9/3/1189,
Richard crowned King Richard I of England.
1189, John
named Count of Mortain by his brother King Richard I; and given the income from
Lancaster, Nottingham, Derby, Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall; and named
lord of Ireland.
[––John
& Isabella de Gloucester––]
8/29/1189 at
Marlborough, John 1st married Isabella of Gloucester, d/o William
FitzRobert & Hawise de Beaumont. [no children – dissolved in 1199, they
were 2nd cousins]. This made John a Marcher lord in Wales. [1/1214,
Isabella married as his 2nd wife Geoffrey de Mandeville, earl of
Essex, and then in 1217, Hubert de Burgh.]
12/12/1189,
Richard departed on the 3rd Crusade. Richard commandeered 63 ships and ordered
them to Dover to move his forces to France. The fleet was then to move to
Marsailles to meet up with the combined English and French troops. [30
additional ship coming from Normandy.]
1190,
Richard’s Chancellor, William Longchamp, bishop of Ely, sent John with an army
into Wales against Lord Ryhs ap Gruffydd, who had taken over Cydweli and
Carnwyllion. John made a treaty before any fighting took place.
1190, King
Richard departed on the 3rd Crusade.
1191, John
took an army to the field against William Longchamp, King Richard’s chancellor.
Longchamp captured John’s castle of Lincoln, and John captured Nottingham and
Tickhill.
1191,
Richard captured the city of Messina, Sicily, after they had refused to let the
English ships land. [At Sicily,
as part of a peace agreement, Richard named the infant son of his deceased
brother Geoffrey as his heir. Soon after this news reached John in England.]
6/1121,
Gerard de Camville, keeper of the royal castle at Lincoln, under siege, had swore
allegiance to John. John then put pressure on Justiciar William Longchamp, whom
Richard had left in charge in England, to end the siege. [Disputes between
William and John continued.]
7/1191,
Richard captured Acre.
9/5/1191, Richard defeated Saladin at the battle of Arsuf.
9/8/1191, Richard arrived at Jaffa and spent 3 months
restoring its fortifications.
10/8/1191,
John named “Governor of the Whole Realm” by a Great Council at Loddon Bridge;
which recognized him as Richard’s heir. John then marched on London. Longchamp
fled to the Tower. [Two days later the Tower surrendered. April 5th,
this news reached King Richard at Ascalon.]
1/1192, King Philip of France offered John all the
Angevin lands in France, and marriage to his sister Alys, if he would join him
in his claims of other disputed territories in France. [The fact that John was
married did not seem to be an issue.]
2/1192,
John’s mother Eleanor rallied the powerful barons to prevent John from joining
with Philip.
8/1/1192, Richard conducted a sea assault on Jaffa, which
had been recaptured by Saladin.
10/9/1192, Richard secretly left by ship for home in the
dead of night.
1/11/1193,
Prince John at Cardiff received a letter from King Philip II of France
informing him that Richard I was imprisoned near Vienna. John immediately went
to France where Richard’s barons refused to do him homage. John then did homage
to King Philip for the English lands in France, with a plan to marry Alys, who
was imprisoned in Normandy. John also surrendered the Vexin in exchange for
Artois.
3/21/1193, Richard’s
trial began in Speyer. Richard was charged with betrayal of the Holy Land by
making peace with Saladin. Richard was cleared of the betrayal charge. Richard
then became a prisoner of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI.
4/1193,
John’s advanced forces were defeated in England by Hubert Walter, archbishop of
Cantebury. Because of a truce requested by Richard in captivity, John’s forces
were saved from total defeat, but he had to turn castles over to his mother
Eleanor.
8/1193, As
part of a truce agreement between King Philip and King Richard, Prince John was
to receive castles in Normandy. When John got to Normandy, the castellans
refused to turn over the castles and John returned to Paris.
12/1193, Richard’s release date was announced; and the fact
that he would be crowned King of Provence.
12/1193, After hearing of Richard’s pending
release, King Philip and Prince John sent a letter to Emperor Henry offering
£1000 a month, and £80,000 if he would keep Richard in captivity until autumn.
They also offered to match the English ransom if he handed Richard over to
them.
3/1194, Richard
returned to England and quickly reaquired all the lands that self-proclaimed
King John had taken. He then raised an army and returned to France to oppose
King Philip.
5/12/1194,
John arrived secretly at Lisieux, France, where King Richard had stopped in
route to Verneuil with his army. Richard forgave John, saying that he was young
and had bad advisors.
7/1194,
King Richard nearly captured King Philip at Freteval, capturing his wagon
train, which had treasure, and a document identifying Angevin subjects prepared
to swap sides.
1194-95, Without
telling of his secret visit, John returned to Evreux. He invited the town
officials to dinner where he had them killed, and then announced that he held
the town for King Richard.
1195,
Richard restored Prince John as Count of Mortain, and gave him Gloucester and
Eye. [He did not give John back any of his castles.]
9/28/1197,
Emperor Henry VI died at age 31 in Messina. On his deathbed Henry released King
Richard of his vow as a vassal to the Holy Roman Empire.
1197-8,
Richard defeated Philip II near Gisors, 20 miles northwest of Paris.
3/26/1199,
Richard wounded at Chalus-Chabrol by a crossbowman shooting from the castle
tower.
1199, King
Richard showing signs of gangrene designated his brother John as heir over his nephew Arthur of
Brittany, next in line of succession, who was only 12.
4/6/1199
at 7 PM, Richard, age 41, died attended by his mother; buried at Fontevrault
Abbey, France.
[––John––]
4/14/1199, , Prince John took contol of the treasure
fortress of Chinon with permission of the royal families.
4/25/1199,
Prince John invested as Duke of Normandy at Rouen. John sent William Marshall
and Hubert Walter to England to keep the peace.
5/25/1199, Prince John arrived at Sussex.
5/27/1199 at
Westminster, John age 31 crowned King of England. King John publishes the
agreement between himself and his mother Eleanor acknowledging her right to
hold her inheritance of Poitou during her lifetime, in fief from him, and which
would revert to him as her heir. John made Hubert Walter, archbishop of
Cantebury, his Chancellor.
6/1199, King
John assigned William de Stuteville to defend Northumbria against the Scots.
[Brother of Nicholas (39979236).]
7/1/1199 at Chartres, Comte Thibaut of Champagne (47277592)
married Blanche of Navarre (47277593). Thibaut invoked a parliament at Chartres
to assess the dowry of Blanche. The kings of both England (King John, 23638784)
and France (King Philip Augustus, 94555248) attended; as well as Adela (189110497),
dowager Queen of France, and Berengeria, sister of Blanche (widow of King
Richard I of England). (S) King John, Church, 2003, P188.
8/18/1199
at Rouen, King John allied his French
barons against France by the Treaty of Chateau Gaillard. (S) Studies in
Peerage, Round, 1901, P177. [15 Counts swore an oath against King
Philip.]
9/22/1199, Arthur and his mother Constance were handed over
to King John at Le Mans by William de Roches. [They slipped away during the
night and returned to Philip.]
5/22/1200,
King John made peace with Philip II at the truce of Le Goulet. John was
recognized as Richard’s heir and did homage for his French possessions. John’s
nephew Arthur was recognized in Brittany as John’s vassal. John ceded Vexin and
Evreux to Philip.
[–––King John & Isabel of Angouleme–––]
8/24/1200 in
Angouleme, John [divorced from Isabella] married 12 year old Isabella of
Angouleme [the same year he met her]. Hugh IX de Lusignan, to whom Isabella had
been betrothed, appealed to King Philip of France, who dispossed John of all
his lands in France.
10/8/1200, Upon
return to England, King John had Isabel “solemnly crowned” Queen. (S) 1203
dower agreement of King John.
12/1200,
King John held his Christmas feast at Guildford.
4/12/1201 at
Gournay, France, Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, presided at a ceremony
attended by King John, “Regis Angliae Joannis”, when Hugh de Gournay gave a
silver chest to the church of St. Hildevert to store relics he had brought back
from the Holy Land.
1201, King
John seized the country of La Marche on behalf of his new Queen Isabella;
attacking Lusignan castles in Aquitane.
7/1201, Arthur
of Brittany led a force into the Norman territory of King John, and was
captured along with “Hugh le Brun” (94499124), viscount of Thouars, Geoffrey of
Lusignan [Hugh’s uncle], and several other knights. (S) Rigord’s Deeds of
Phillip Augustus.
8/2/1201,
letter: “John, by the grace of God, etc., to the justiciary and barons of the
exchequer of london, etc. Know that it has been agreed between us and
Berengaria, once queen of England, wife of king Richard our brother, about her
dower, which she asked for; namely that we have assigned her, for her dower, a
thousand marks of silver per year.” (S) Epistolæ.
10/8/1201,
at Westminster, Isabella crowned Queen of England. (S) Lives of the Queens of
England, Strickland, 1881, P78.
1202, King
John refused King Philip’s summons to Paris as his vassal. The French court
awarded his lands to his nephew Arthur of Brittany. King Philip attacked Norman
territories capturing most of Brai.
3/20/1202,
King John visited Hugh de Gournay at Gournay.
6/16/1202,
Isabel became Countess of Angouleme.
7/16/1202 at
Rouen, King John ordered R. de Vipont to deliver all the French prisoners taken
in the war to Hugh de Gournay.
8/1/1202,
John rescued his mother trapped in Mirebeau castle in Anjou, France. She was
beseiged by his nephew Arthur. Arthur was captured, as well as ~6 barons and ~200
knights. [John was later accused of mistreating his prisoners, over which his
governor of Anjou, William de Roches (39979486), resigned and led a revolt in
Normandy.]
8/10/1202,
King John imprisoned Arthur and his sister Eleanor at Falaise, and sent
captured Hugh de Lusignan to Caen. [Other prisoners were distributed around
France, and some sent to England.]
11/1202,
King John, suffering many losses, ordered Arthur mutilated. Arthur would then
no longer be a viable governor of any lands. [The Falsise commander, Hubert de
Burgh prevented the mutilation, but pretended it had happened, and that Arthur
had died in the process – according to the chronicles of Ralph de Coggeshall.]
12/1202,
John had to retreat to Normandy, Tours and Angers having been captured. John
also arranged for Hugh de Lusignan to be freed and some of his castles
returned.
2/1203 at
Falaise, King John tried to convince Arthur to return his support. Arthur refused.
King John ordered 22 of the dispersed knights and barons from Brittany and
Anjou, held in England, to be taken to Corfe castle where they were starved to
death.
4/3/1203 at
Rouen, King John killed Arthur of Brittany. (S) Antiquities of Shropshire, V2,
Eyton, 1855, P212. [It is said that a drunken King John took Arthur out on the
river, killed him with a sword, and dumped his body in the river where it was
later found. It may have been done by a committee of those with King John at
the time: Peter de Mauley (973530160), William de Briouze (189118344), William
Longsword (19989838), Reginald de Cornhill, and Geoffrey fitz Peter.]
1203, Isabel
principally resided in Caen and Bonneville.
4/1203, John
was King of England, master of South Wales, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy,
Count of Anjou, and Duke of Aquitaine. King John controlled vast lands from the
southern Scotland border to the northern Spanish border, including the western
half of the lands of France.
5/5/1203 at
Porchester, King John specified the details of Queen Isabel’s dower lands in
England and Normandy.
5/1203, King
Philip attacked John’s castle at Saumur, while other of vassals attacked
castles on the north-south border between Normandy and France, intent on
splitting off Normandy from the southern lands.
7/1203, King
John responded with little success to recover lost castles.
8/1203, King
Philip laid siege to Chateau-Gaillard at Les Andelys on the Seine river, the
largest English stronghold, and the nearest to Paris. [Built by King Richard I,
it block the French from using the Seine going to the west, and the English
considered it untakeable.]
9/1203, King
John sent William Marshall over land against the besieging forces, while
sending the main force up the Seine to support the land force. However, the
current was too strong and the force on the river did not arrive before a
counter-attack forced William Marshall to retreat. King John then attempted to
draw King Philip away by attacking Brittany which had been in rebellion.
9/1203,
Leaving forces to continue the siege, King Philip attacked and captured
Radepont castle, 15 miles from John’s capital at Rouen.
11/1203,
King John returned to Rouen with little success against King Philip.
12/5/1203, From
Barfleur, a port in Cherbourg, France, King John returned to England looking
for military support from his barons.
4/1204, King
John’s mother died.
1204,
Isabella received her mother-in-law’s dower rights.
1204, King
John requested a truce with King Philip Augustus, who responded with a request
for him to produce Authur of Brittany.
1204, Under
King John, deforestion began which would lead to the coal trade of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
11/9/2004,
Due to inflation caused by the use of degraded money and several years of food
shortages King John ordered the use of degraded coinage to end by 1/13/2005.
[Some “quality” coins were allowed to remain in circulation.]
12/14/1204,
King John ordered a distraint against Ranulph, Earl of Chester who was aligned
with Gwenwynwyn of Powys in Wales, who was engaged in war against William de
Broase.
6/16/1205,
Having a few days earlier set sail to reclaim French lands, King John returned
to port at Sudland Bay in Dorset.
7/13/1205,
King John’s nemesis Hubert Walter died. John supposedly said “Now for the first
time I am king and lord of England.” [Hubert had been King Richard’s archbishop
and chief justiciar.]
1205, King
John opposed Pope Innocent III’s choice of Stephen Langton as archbishop of
Canterbury, asserting his right to tax the church.
1205, King
John made a peace arrangement with Ranulph, Earl of Chester and Lincoln, and a
powerful Marcher lord.
12/25/1205,
King John celebrated at Oxford with William Marshall, Earl William of Salisbury
(19989838) [John’s half brother], and the earls of Chester, Sussex and Surrey.
5/1206 at
Chester, King John gave his daughter Joan in marriage to Llywelyn Fawr, prince
of Wales.
5/20/1206,
King John mustered his forces at Portsmouth for a return to France. [He had
built 8 new transport ships in London, siege engines in Sussex, and had
conscripted ships near Portsmought, totalling about 200 ships.]
6/8/1206,
John landed at La Rochelle to recapture Angiers after it was taken over by his
brother-in-law Alfonso VIII, married to his sister Eleanor. [Except for
Bordeaux, which had not fallen to Alfonso. Most of Alfonso’s forces had already
returned to Spain.]
1206, King
John captured Montauban after a two-week siege.
10/26/1206, King John and King Philip agreed to a 2-year
truce. The French held Anjou, Brittany, Maine and Normandy, leaving Aquitain in
southern France to John. [The primary goal of King John.]
11/1206,
Isabella formerly recognized as Ctss d’Angoulême [her father having died in
1202, but her mother administering her lands and holding dower lands].
12/12/1206,
King John arrived back at Portsmouth with his forces.
2/1207 at
Oxford, King John got approved at 7.5% tax on the goods and income of every
man.
7/15/1207,
John drove 64 Cantebury monks into exile because of their election of Stephen
Langton as archbishop, who had been consecrated by the Pope. [John wanted a
different person.]
12/1207,
John held his Christmas feast at Windsor. [One archbishop attending spent £492
1s 11d was expended to buy 641 lengths of scarlet and dyes to make robes for
the feast.] (S) English Historical Review, V110, 1995, P286. [Records of the
time indicate that both his wives were living together Winchester castle.]
3/24/1208,
Pope Innocent III got the bishops of London, Ely, and Worcester to impose an
interdict on England, suspending ecclesiastical rites.
1209, King
John appointed his brother William, earl of Salisbury, as royal custodian of
the march of Wales.
7/1209, King
John, with 800 knights, 45 of them household knights, made a short-lived
invasion into Scotland. (S) English Historical Review, V110, 1995, P284.
8/4/1209, King John defeated King William of Scotland at the battle of
Norham, Northumberland.
11/1209,
John excommunicated by Pope Innocent III when overing refusing the Pope’s
appointment in 1207 of Stephen Langton to Archbishop of Cantebury. [King John
had seized the churches and his revenue from the churches increased from £400
to £3,700 in 1 year, then to £24,000 in 2 years.]
1210 in
Wales, King John captured Walter de Lacy at Carrickfergus and forced Walter and
his brother Hugh into exile.
9/1210, King
John ordered the arrest of all Jews, male and female, and took all of their
financial records. He held them for a payment of £44,000. Any
Jew that could not contribute at least 40 shillings had to leave the country.
[There was also a large levy on churches, especially the Cistercians.]
1211, King
John began to use the debts of his barons as rationale for letters of distraint
against their properties.
6/1211, King
John made an unsuccessful foray into Wales from Chester.
8/11/1211 in
Wales, King John having defeated Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (19989730), reduced his
holdings to Gwynedd and Meirionydd, and imposed a very large tribute.
8/30/1211,
The legate Pandulf excommunicated King John in front of an assembly of barons
at Northampton. The King’s subjects were obsolved of their oath of allegiance.
5/4/1212 in
England, King John signed the Treaty of Lambeth with Renauld of Dammartin,
count of Bologne, whose lands had also been siezed by King Philip. Renauld also
brought in the count of Flanders. For his support Renauld was given fiefs in
England.
6/4/1212,
King John led a mercenary army towards Scotland in support of King William.
6/15/1212,
King John gave the first order for towns to provide men for military service.
[He ordered 39 towns to provide 820 men.]
6/28/1212,
returning to England, at Durham, King John learned of renewed rebellion in
Wales. [Llywely ap Iorwerth had recovered the lands lost to King John.]
7/10/1212, A
great fire swept through London, on the south side of the river, killing about
3000.
8/2/1212,
Robert de Vipont (19989640), besieged by the Welsh at Mathravel castle, was
rescued by King John.
8/14/1212 at
Nottingham, King John hanged 28 Welsh hostages. [Robert de Vipont had already
hung a 7-year-old boy. John also received messages telling him that he was in
danger from his own barons. Robert fitz Walter (60849196) was considered one of
the prime suspects, and the threat seemed to be centered in the north of
England.]
1212, King
John began to make monetary concesions throughout England. [Likely he believed
this was a primary source of the threats.]
1213, Queen
Isabella accompanied King John to Aquitaine when their daughter Joanna was
pledged in marriage to Hugh de Lusignan.
1213, King
John rewarded sailors from Seaford who had captured messengers with letters
sent to England by Philip II about his invasion plans. John forged replies to
mislead the French.
4/1213, King
John ordered his fleet to raid the northern French coast.
5/15/1213,
John absolved of his excommunication when he recanted and agreed to a peace
agreement proposed by the Pope. John had to compensate the church as well as
reinstate exiled clergy, promised to pay a tribute of 1000 marks annually to
the Pope, and pledged England as a vassal state to the Pope. [King Philip was
ordered by the Pope stop his invasion plans.]
5/24/1213, From:
Geoffrey son of Peter, earl of Essex, justiciar; Reginald, count of Boulogne;
Ranulf de Blundeville, earl of Chester; William, earl of Warenne; William the
marshall, earl of Pembroke. To: William d'Aubigny, earl of Arundel; William,
earl of Ferrers; William Bruwere; Robert de Ros; Gilbert son of Renfed; Roger
de Mortuo Mari; Peter son of Herbert. They will ensure that King John will
observe the terms of the settlement made between him and the Church in England.
(S) UKNA.
5/28/1213,
The English fleet, commanded by Earl William of Salisbuy (19989838), set sail
in support of Flanders with 700 knights, which was in rebellion against King
Philip.
5/30/1213,
The English fleet encountered the French fleet at Damme, taking the treasures
of over 300 ships and destroying 100 more.]
6/2/1213,
King John recalled Walter de Lacy from exile in France. [Walter’s brother Hugh
refused to return.]
11/15/1213,
King John held an assembly of barons at Oxford, requesting they come unarmed.
[John had told his sheriffs to attend and to be armed.] None of the opposing
barons showed up.
2/9/1214,
King John and 12 of his barons sailed for Poitou. [Queen Isabella and son Richard
also accompanied the king.]
2/15/1214, Landing
at La Rochelle, John invaded France trying to recover his lands. John initially
had success in the south.
5/25/1214,
King John made peace with the Lusignan family and again had their allegiance.
6/1214, King
John attacked Peter de Dreux (19989754) at Nantes in Brittany. After capturing
Peter’s brother, John withdrew upon making a peace agreement.
7/1/1214, At
a great council at St. Paul’s in London, it was announced that King John had
paid or arranged to pay all the money owed to the church, and the interdict in
England was lifted.
7/27/1214, a Sunday, An alliance of England, the Holy Roman
Empire and rebellious French principalities supporting Otto IV of Germany
against King Philip, at the battle of Bouvines, near Tournai in Flanders. King
Philip’s forces defeated the alliance, which had a much larger force, in 3
hours. [King John’s brother Earl William of Salisbury was captured.]
8/6/1214, King John received new of the loss at Bouvines.
9/18/1214,
Philip and King John agreed to a 5-year truce at Chinon.
10/13/1214,
John returned to England, landing at Dartmouth in Devon, then reaching London
on the 29th.
11/1214, At
a council at the Temple in London, King John gave large concessions to the
churches and its members, including that all elections would be free of royal
interference. [Many of the earls and barons present wanted the coronation
charter of King Henry I reissued – which included the promise “to abolish all
the evil by which the kingdom of England has been unjustly oppressed”.]
12/6/1214,
Alexander II succeeded King William I of Scotland.
12/1214,
Opposition barons assembled at Bury St. Edmunds and pledged to make war if King
John did not reissue the charter of Henry I. [The barons were from the north
and the east.]
3/4/1215,
John took the vow of a Crusader, further obligating him to the Pope.
4/1215, The
barons, learning that King John had posted Poitevins in Ireland, prepared for
war.
4/26/1215,
After agreeing to meet with the barons at Northampton, King John did not
show, sending representatives instead
5/5/1215,
The revolting Barons of England formally renounced their allegiance to John and
invited the King of France to invade England. [This was prevented by the Pope.]
5/12/1215,
King John ordered his sheriffs to begin seizing the lands of his “enemies.”
5/17/1215,
Revolting barons, after giving up a siege of Northampton castle, arrived in
London, having arranged for the gates to be opened. The city capitulated except
for a small garrison in the Tower. Quickly many barons joined the rebellion.
[King John had lost access to his treasury by which he would have paid his
mercenary forces.]
6/10/1215 at
Runnymede near Windsor, King John met with “a multitude of famous knights, well
armed in every respect,” who presented a list of demands.
6/19/1215 at
Runnymede near Windsor, King John forced to agree to the 49 articles of the
Magna Carta. [The barons in revolt together held more castles and knights fees
than John did as King.] Principally it required “judgement by equals” and
protected the rights of the church. A clause provided for the election of 25
barons to monitor compliance and enforce its terms – the “security clause”. For
non-compliance the barons were authorized to seize the King’s lands and
possessions. [John then arranged for all of the opposing barons to be
excommunicated – starting a war.]
7/1215, The
two sides reconvened at Oxford. Some agreements were made, but not all. After
the meeting, both sides began preparing for war.
8/1215, King
John secured the ports on the south coast, and added new ships to his fleet.
9/5/1215,
The Baronial leasders and the citizens of London were excommunicated. The
barons appealed to King Philip for help, and decided to make a stand at
Rochester castle in Kent to protect London.
9/20/2015,
King John moved from Dover to Canterbury, where he fortified the cathedral.
[From there at attempt was made to burn the bridge at Rochester, but failed.]
9/26/2015, A
storm at sea destroyed several ships carrying Flemish mercenaries to England
for King John. [Many knights did make it to England.]
10/13/1215,
John began a siege of Rochester castle.
11/30/1215,
John captured Rochester castle after mining under walls and tower causing a
partial collapse.
12/1215,
King John took half his forces and marched north, capturing many castles and
towns, including York.
1/11/1216,
Yorkshire barons, having retreated to Scotland, did homage to King Alexander at
Melrose abbey.
1/1216, King
John captured Berwick. [The Scots had previously burned Newcastle-upon-Tyne.]
1/1216, Saer
de Quincy returned from France with 41 ships of French soldier. [140 knights of
France had arrived earlier.]
3/1216,
After King John left for the south, King Alexander attacked Carlisle and the
northern barons laid siege to York.
3/1216, In
the south, King John began attacking castles in the east.
3/31/1216,
King John, 12 miles north of London, sent some troops closer to London. They
were met with a surprise attack which cost them their mercenary commander.
Ships sent to London on the Thames were captured or destroyed. King John then
withdrew to Reading.
5/18/1216, A
storm destroyed many of King John’s ships along the south coast. Prince Louis
heard of this and immediately set sail for England.
5/21/1216,
Prince Louis [future VIII] of France, made a successful landing at Stonar near
Sandwich, separated from much of his fleet by a storm. King John saw the
approach, but unltimately decided to retreat rather than fight on the beaches.
[John left in secret, and many of his mercernies changed sides.]
5/31/1216,
Prince Louis retook Rochester.
6/2/1216,
Prince Louis arrived in London.
6/14/1216,
Prince Louis neared Winchester, which John had left fleeing westward. [After a
10-day siege both castles surrendered. Many English barons joined Louis at the
siege, including John’s brother William.]
7/1216,
Prince Louis captured important castles in southeast England, fortifying his
position in London.
9/1216, From
the Welsh border, where he had recruited more forces, King John went on the
offensive, eventually reaching Lincoln, which was under siege. John broke the
siege and burned the surrounding areas.
10/9/1216,
King John arrived at Norfolk where he fell ill. [John decided to return to
Lincolnshire and lost many of his treasures on the way to a storm near the
seacoast.]
10/18/1216,
King John died at Newark of dysentery; buried at Worchester Cathedral, near the
remains of St. Oswald; his son, lord Henry, became King Henry III.
[–––Isabel of Angouleme–––]
1200, Hugh
de Luzignan, identified as the
only son, consented to a charter in Lusignan of his father to St Hilaire of
Poitiers.
1213, 3 sons
of Hugh de Luzignan: Hugh son of Count de la Marche; Raoul, count of Eu; and
Geoffrey, made a peace treat with King John. (S) Lives of the Queen of England,
Strickland, 1840, P57.
10/28/1216, Henry III, age 9, crowned king of England.
11/1/1216,
Queen Isabel given the city of Exeter and its fair as part of her dower. (S) Gaz.
of Markets and Fairs.
7/1217, Isabel returned to Angouleme to rule her own land.
6/27/1218,
‘Hugo Bruni dominus Lezigniaci et comes Marchie’, on leaving on crusade, and
‘Hugo de Lezigniaco filius suus’ donated half ‘molendino de Pooillet’ to
Saint-Maixent.
1219, Hugh
X’s father died, Hugh X succeeding as Lord of Lusignan, and Count of March.
1219, A
letter to the Bishop elect of Norwich: “…Y[sabel] by that same grace queen of
England, lady of Ireland, duchess of Normandy and Aquitaine, and countess of
Anjou …”
11/5/1219,
Hugh succeeded his father as Lord of Lusignan and Count
of La Marche.
[–––Hugh X & Isabel of Angouleme–––]
1222, Hugh
attacked and took Merpins from Reginald de Pons.
1222, Hugh
came to a peace agreement with Pandulf, envoy of King Henry III.
7/14/1223,
King Philip Augustus of France died; Louis VIII succeeded as king of France.
1223, De
treuga Pictavie. Rex … H. de Leziniaco, comite Marchie et Engolisme, … (S)
CPRs.
8/1223,
Geoffrey de Neville, envoy of King Henry, sent to Hugh de Lusignan to negotiate
a new peace agreement. [Hugh did not accept the terms.]
1224, ‘Ugo de
Leziniaco comes Marchiæ et Engolismæ et Ysabella uxor eius … regina Angliæ’,
confirmed rights granted by ‘bonæ memoriæ Ademaro comite Engolismæ patre
eiusdem dominæ Ysabellæ’ to Vindelle. (S) FMG.
7/1224, Pope
Honorius III sends a letter to his bishops in Orange and Limoges and to the
deacon of Bordeaux to have them compel Hugh and Isabel to return Joanna’s
dowered lands, and return the city of Orange, the island of Oleron, and other
lands to King Henry.
1224-25,
Poitou overun by the house of Lusignan supported by King Louis VIII of France.
(S) Chronicles of the Age of Chivalry, 2000, P24.
11/8/1226,
Louis IX succeeded as king of France.
12/18/1226,
Pro comite Marchie et Engolisme. – Rex … H. de Leziniaco, comite Marchie et
Engolisme, viro Ysabelle, regine, matris nostre, … (S) CPRs. [King Henry grants his mother Isabel 3,500 marks left her by
her husband, his father, king John in his will. He also granted of Saintonge
and Angouleme to Hugh de Lusignan, Count of La Marche. (S) UKNA.]
11/4/1228, Faculty
to R[omarius,] cardinal of St. Angelo, papal legate, to compel the count of La
Marche to remit the oath by which the king and B. queen of France, his mother,
are bound not to make peace or truce with the king of England without his
consent. (S) Cal. of papal Reg’s, V1, 1893, Regesta 14.
1230, Hugh,
compte de la Marche, surrendered to Queen Blanch of Castile in France’s barons’
civil war.
12/6/1234, Bond to pay H. count of La Marche and of Angouleme, £800 Tournois a year for the island of Oleron, which
the king has in his hand, during the truce with France. [The like letters of £400 for the count.] (S) CPRs.
10/9/1235,
Bond to Hugh de Lizagniaco, count of La Marche and Angouleme, to pay him £800 … [states dates of payments.] (S) CPRs.
1/20/1241, Earl
Richard, brother of King Henry, returned from the Holy Land to London … asked
leave … that he might pass over into Gascoigne, to aid the Count de la Marche
against the King of France. (S) Chron’s of the Mayors and Sheriffs of London,
1863.
6/24/1241 in
Saumur, Anjou, Hugh de la Marche and his wife Queen Isabella attended the
ceremony to make Alphonse, s/o Queen Blanche, Count of Poitou. [Hugh was the
acknowledge leader of the local barons.] Queen Isabella was outraged at her
treatment, and by the fact that she was expected to kneel to a count.
12/1241 at
Poitiers, Hugh, compte de la Marche, and Isabella openly denied allegiance to
the newly appointed Count of Poitou; effectively a declaration of war. They
were supported by King Henry III, Emperor Frederick II, Raymond VII of
Toulouse, and the barons of Gascony.
3/1242, Hugh
provided for the partition of his lands after his death.
5/20/1242,
Hugh de Luzignan and his step-son King Henry III arrived at Royen, France with
a small contingent; but with 30 tons of gold. They were soon joined by French
nobles with Hugh as their leader.
6/17/1242, Bond of the king [Henry] to his mother
Isabel, queen of England, countess of La Marche and Angouleme, in 500 [marks] …
(S) CPRs.
7/3/1242,
Mandate to Ralph de la Haye and Guy de Rocheford, in garrison in the castle of
Partenay, by the counsel of William Lungespeye, or of H. count of La Marche, or
of earl Richard, or of Hugh de Lezinan, to grieve the king’s [Henry III]
enemies in the said lands as far as they can. (S) CPRs.
11/20/1242,
Presentation that … has delivered the 3,000 marks … to H. le Lezinan, count of
La Marche and Angouleme, … (S) CPRs, Henry III.
1244,
Isabella accused in an attempt to poison the King of France.
12/1244,
Lord Hugh le Brun, and his son Hugh, took the cross with King Louis IX. (S)
Chronicles of the Cursades, Joinville, 2010, P128.
Isabella
became Sister Felice at Fontevrault Abbey in France.
[––Hugh X––]
8/25/1248,
Hugh and his son Hugh set sail from Aigures-Mortes near Marsailles on crusade
with King Louis IX.
6/1249, Hugh
died on crusade at Damietta, Egypt.
(S)
Epistolæ. (S) The Lives of the Princesses of England, V1-2, Green, 1850. (S)
The Houses of Lusignan and Chatellerault, Medieval Academy of America, Painter,
1955. (S) King John, the Braoses, and the Celtic Fringe, Holden. (S) The Reign
of King John, Painter, 1949. (S) Annales
Cestrienses Chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg, At Chester. (S) King John,
Morris, 2015.
Child
of John and mistress Clementina:
i. Joan of Wales (19989623), born ~1190 in England.
4/1212, At
the request of Llywelyn, Joan traveled to England to arrange a peace with her
father. [In which she was apparently successful. Joan would have been a mature
lady by this time, with understanding of the issues.]
Child
of John and mistress Adelade de Warrenne:
ii. Richard Fitz Roy (9994834), born ~1193 in
England.
6/24/1214,
William Briwere ordered to deliver to Richard, the King's son, all the land
which fell to Rose [de Dover], his wife, by heredity.
Children
of John and Isabella of
Angouleme:
i. Joanna Plantagenet, born 1203 in Normandy.
1214, Joanna
betrothed to Hugh X de Lusignan, [Hugh IX formerly betrothed to her mother]. Joanna
was sent to Provence where she resided in a March family castle.
1220,
Joanna’s mother married Hugh X after he succeeded his father.
1221, Joanna
arrived back in England [from Poitou] after multiple requests of her brother
King Henry. William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, was named her guardian.
6/18/1221 at
York, Joanna married King Alexander II of Scotland.
8/4/1221,
Alexander and Joanna arrived at Roxburgh in Scotland.
2/11/1236,
Order to the sheriff of Cambridgeshire to place in respite, … the manor of
Fenstanton , which is in the hand of J. queen of Scotland, the king’s sister.
(S) FRsHIII.
1237, Joanna
was visited by her sister-in-law Queen Eleanor in Scotland, and then returned
to England with Eleanor where they visited the shrine of St. Thomas.
1/23/1238,
King Henry allotted £26 for Joanna, in failing health, to return to Scotland.
[It was winter, and soon after departing the group turned back.]
3/12/1238,
Joanna died in Essex; buried at the nunnery of Tarente, Dorsetshire. [No
children.].
ii. King Henry III (11819392), born 10/10/1206 in
England.
iii. King Richard of Cornwall (23640580), born
1/5/1209 in Winchester castle.
iv. Isabella Plantagenet, born 1213-14 in England.
7/20/1235 at
Worms, Isabella, age 21, married to Emperor Frederick II and crowned Empress of
the Holy Roman Empire. 4 Kings, 11 Dukes, and 30 Earls and Marquesses were at
the ceremony.
12/1/1241,
Isabella died in Foggio [near Naples] in childbirth; buried in Andria, Holy
Roman Empire. [Her daughter Margaret survived.]
v. Eleanor Plantagenet, born 1215 in England.
1224,
Eleanor married 1st to Earl William Marshall, s/o William, the
Regent.
10/18/1229,
Eleanor and William were formally married, and 9 manors were settled on her.
4/15/1231,
William died.
1/6/1238,
widow Eleanor married 2nd Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester.
1239, Simon
exiled.
1241, Simon
visited Jerusalem.
5/14/1264,
King Henry, Richard, and Prince Edward, and Henry of Almain were captured by
Simon de Montfort at the battle of Lewes, “at the Mill of the Hide”.
8/4/1265,
Prince Edward defeated Simon de Montfort at the battle of Evesham, where Simon
was killed.
1265, Eleanor
was banished by her brother the King. Eleanor took refuge in the convent of
Montargis in Orleannois, founded by Amicia de Montfort.
6/1267,
Eleanor was at the French court.
[1272 in
Italy, Eleanor’s sons Simon and Guy murdered Henry of Germany in revenge for
their father’s mutilation at Evesham. Henry had not even been at the battle –
he was a prisoner at Kenilworth at the time.]
By 3/1275,
Eleanor died in France.
Children
of Hugh X and Isabella of
Angouleme:
[4 daughters,
5 sons: Hugh, Geoffrey, Guy, Aymer]
i. Hugh XI de Lusignan (9994876), born 1221 in
France.
ii. William de Valence (11820102), born ~1223 in
France.
iii. Amyer de Lusignan, born ~1226 in France.
1/29/1247,
Presentation of Aymer, son of the count of La Marche, to the church of
Kirkeheym. (S) CPRs.
iv. Alice de Lusignan (23639781), born ~1235 in
France.
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